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101.
Russell E. Johnson Christopher C. Rosen Chu-Hsiang Chang 《Journal of business and psychology》2011,26(3):241-248
The use of higher-order multidimensional constructs (i.e., latent constructs comprised of standalone variables) in the organizational
psychology and behavior literatures is becoming commonplace. Despite their advantages (e.g., greater parsimony and bandwidth),
the development and validation of such constructs often unfolds in an indiscriminant fashion. It is not surprising, then,
that much debate has arisen regarding the viability of many higher-order constructs. In this article, we outline ten recommendations
for improving the construct- and criterion-related validity of higher-order constructs. Chief among these recommendations
include the need for researchers to specify precise theoretical and empirical inclusion criteria, to rule out alternative
explanations for the emergence of a higher-order factor and to assess incremental and relative importance. To illustrate how
these recommendations play out, we apply them to core self-evaluation as an example. We believe that higher-order constructs
may offer unique insight into work-relevant phenomena, provided they are established via rigorous means. 相似文献
102.
Owens KM Marvin ML Gelehrter TD Ruffin MT Uhlmann WR 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):510-525
This study examined medical students’ and house officers’ opinions about the Surgeon General’s “My Family Health Portrait”
(MFHP) tool. Participants used the tool and were surveyed about tool mechanics, potential clinical uses, and barriers. None
of the 97 participants had previously used this tool. The average time to enter a family history was 15 min (range 3 to 45 min).
Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the MFHP tool is understandable (98%), easy to use (93%), and suitable for general
public use (84%). Sixty-seven percent would encourage their patients to use the tool; 39% would ensure staff assistance. Participants
would use the tool to identify patients at increased risk for disease (86%), record family history in the medical chart (84%),
recommend preventive health behaviors (80%), and refer to genetics services (72%). Concerns about use of the tool included
patient access, information accuracy, technical challenges, and the need for physician education on interpreting family history
information. 相似文献
103.
The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) is considered a calciphile and exhibits reduced growth and survival in environments containing less than 20 mg/l environmental calcium. Although it has no apparent effect on survival at 20 mg/l, reducing environmental calcium increases metabolic demand, and as such we consider that this level of calcium acts as a stressor on the snail. We exposed snails to acute periods of low environmental calcium and tested their ability to form intermediate-term memory (ITM) and long-term memory (LTM) following one trial operant conditioning (1TT) to reduce aerial respiratory activity in hypoxic conditions. We also assessed whether there were changes in the electrophysiological properties of a single neuron, right pedal dorsal 1 (RPeD1), which has been demonstrated to be necessary for LTM formation. Following training in high (80 mg/l) environmental calcium, L. stagnalis formed ITM and LTM lasting 24 h and demonstrated a significant reduction in all activity measured from RPeD1; however when snails were exposed to low (20 mg/l) environmental calcium they were able to form ITM but not LTM. Although no behavioral LTM was formed, a partial reduction in RPeD1 activtiy measured 24 h after training was observed, indicating a residual effect of training. The strong effect that environmental calcium concentration had on physiology and behavior in response to training to reduce aerial respiration in L. stagnalis suggests that it is an element of gastropod husbandry that needs to be carefully considered when studying other traits. This study also indicates that L. stagnalis found naturally in low calcium environments may be less able to adapt to novel stressors than populations found in harder waters. 相似文献
104.
Kendra L. Marvin John T. Rapp Michelle T. Stenske Nairim R. Rojas Greg J. Swanson Sara M. Bartlett 《Behavioral Interventions》2010,25(2):109-127
We evaluated the effects of response repetition (RR) as an error‐correction procedure for increasing sight‐word reading for four individuals using a multiple baseline design. The results for each participant showed that correct responding increased following the introduction of the RR procedure. In addition, responding for three of four participants showed evidence of stimulus generalization, response generalization, or both. Likewise, we found that comparable behavior changes were produced when a participant's paraprofessional implemented RR in a typical classroom. These findings are briefly discussed in terms of procedures that promote behavior acquisition and generalization via negative reinforcement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
Larry D. Rosen Nancy A. Cheever L. Mark Carrier 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2008,29(6):459
Parent and teen MySpace user pairs completed online surveys administered in June (N = 266) and September 2006 (N = 341) to assess relationships between parenting styles and limit setting and monitoring of online behaviors, the prevalence of Internet dangers and pre-teen and teen MySpace behaviors. Cross-comparison measures of MySpace usage, parenting style, limit setting/monitoring, MySpace problems, and media perceptions were used. Parenting styles were strongly related to adolescent MySpace experiences, behaviors, and attitudes, with some age differences. Parents with older children were more likely to have Neglectful or Indulgent parenting styles and less likely to set limits on online behavior. The extent of sexual solicitation, pornography, and cyberbullying was relatively low as compared with studies asserting a high incidence of Internet-related problems. Parents' high estimates of online dangers were not matched by their low rates of setting limits and monitoring teens. Theoretical and practical perspectives of the results are offered to enhance social networking experiences for parents and their children. 相似文献
106.
Philosophical Studies - This paper takes up a neglected problem for metaethical noncognitivism: the characterization of the acceptance states for agent-centered normative theories like Rational... 相似文献
107.
108.
A multilevel model of leadership, empowerment, and performance was tested using a sample of 62 teams, 445 individual members, 62 team leaders, and 31 external managers from 31 stores of a Fortune 500 company. Leader-member exchange and leadership climate related differently to individual and team empowerment and interacted to influence individual empowerment. Also, several relationships were supported in more but not in less interdependent teams. Specifically, leader-member exchange related to individual performance partially through individual empowerment; leadership climate related to team performance partially through team empowerment; team empowerment moderated the relationship between individual empowerment and performance; and individual performance was positively related to team performance. Contributions to team leadership theory, research, and practices are discussed. 相似文献
109.
The spatial working memory system constantly updates spatial representations and many studies have focused on the underlying
principles of the encoding and maintenance of visual information. Here we investigated the question of how the production
of actions influences spatial working memory. Participants were given a task that required concurrent maintenance of two spatial
arrays, one encoded by visual observation accompanied with pointing movements, the other by only visual observation. Across
two experiments, movement during encoding was found to facilitate recognition of spatial arrays in a load-dependent manner.
The results suggest an action-based encoding principle within the working memory system, and possible underlying action-related
mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
110.
Gideon Rosen 《Ratio》2009,22(1):78-97
According to Parfit, the best version of Kantian ethics takes as its central principle Kantian Contractualism: the thesis that everyone ought to follow the principles whose universal acceptance everyone could rationally will. This paper examines that thesis, identifies a class of annoying counterexamples, and suggests that when Kantian Contractualism is modified in response to these examples, the resulting principle is too complex and ad hoc to serve as the 'supreme principle of morality'. 相似文献