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51.
Marvin Skolnick 《Group》2000,24(2-3):133-145
Much has been learned in the 20th century about the impact of covert group dynamics on the individual, the family and small group on the micro level and about institutions, communities, national and international process on a macro level. However, as we enter the new millennium this knowledge seems dwarfed by the burgeoning of knowledge about the brain and biological approaches to disturbed human behavior, casting a worrisome shadow on the future of dynamic group therapies. This article explores the impact of socio-economic-political forces on mental health delivery systems from the vantage point of group process and therapy, and raises questions about possible interventions to restore a balance between social dynamics and biology. 相似文献
52.
Robert C. Pianta Robert S. Marvin Preston A. Britner Kathleen C. Borowitz 《Infant mental health journal》1996,17(3):239-256
In this paper we examine mothers' representations of one form of trauma to the caregiving system: the experience of receiving a diagnosis of a chronic illness or disability in their child. An interview and classification system was used with 91 mothers of children ages 15–50 months with cerebral palsy or epilepsy. Mothers were classified as Resolved or Unresolved with respect to their child's diagnosis and grouped into subcategories within these major groups. Roughly half of these mothers were classified as Unresolved with respect to their child's diagnosis. Diagnosis type, severity of condition, developmental age, and time since receiving diagnosis were all unrelated to the distribution of Resolved/Unresolved classifications. Patterns of resolution in which cognitive strategies predominated were the most frequent form within the Resolved classification. Findings provide support for the organizational nature of caregiving representations as well as a number of implications for clinical practice. 相似文献
53.
Owens KM Marvin ML Gelehrter TD Ruffin MT Uhlmann WR 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):510-525
This study examined medical students’ and house officers’ opinions about the Surgeon General’s “My Family Health Portrait”
(MFHP) tool. Participants used the tool and were surveyed about tool mechanics, potential clinical uses, and barriers. None
of the 97 participants had previously used this tool. The average time to enter a family history was 15 min (range 3 to 45 min).
Participants agreed or strongly agreed that the MFHP tool is understandable (98%), easy to use (93%), and suitable for general
public use (84%). Sixty-seven percent would encourage their patients to use the tool; 39% would ensure staff assistance. Participants
would use the tool to identify patients at increased risk for disease (86%), record family history in the medical chart (84%),
recommend preventive health behaviors (80%), and refer to genetics services (72%). Concerns about use of the tool included
patient access, information accuracy, technical challenges, and the need for physician education on interpreting family history
information. 相似文献
54.
The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) is considered a calciphile and exhibits reduced growth and survival in environments containing less than 20 mg/l environmental calcium. Although it has no apparent effect on survival at 20 mg/l, reducing environmental calcium increases metabolic demand, and as such we consider that this level of calcium acts as a stressor on the snail. We exposed snails to acute periods of low environmental calcium and tested their ability to form intermediate-term memory (ITM) and long-term memory (LTM) following one trial operant conditioning (1TT) to reduce aerial respiratory activity in hypoxic conditions. We also assessed whether there were changes in the electrophysiological properties of a single neuron, right pedal dorsal 1 (RPeD1), which has been demonstrated to be necessary for LTM formation. Following training in high (80 mg/l) environmental calcium, L. stagnalis formed ITM and LTM lasting 24 h and demonstrated a significant reduction in all activity measured from RPeD1; however when snails were exposed to low (20 mg/l) environmental calcium they were able to form ITM but not LTM. Although no behavioral LTM was formed, a partial reduction in RPeD1 activtiy measured 24 h after training was observed, indicating a residual effect of training. The strong effect that environmental calcium concentration had on physiology and behavior in response to training to reduce aerial respiration in L. stagnalis suggests that it is an element of gastropod husbandry that needs to be carefully considered when studying other traits. This study also indicates that L. stagnalis found naturally in low calcium environments may be less able to adapt to novel stressors than populations found in harder waters. 相似文献
55.
Kendra L. Marvin John T. Rapp Michelle T. Stenske Nairim R. Rojas Greg J. Swanson Sara M. Bartlett 《Behavioral Interventions》2010,25(2):109-127
We evaluated the effects of response repetition (RR) as an error‐correction procedure for increasing sight‐word reading for four individuals using a multiple baseline design. The results for each participant showed that correct responding increased following the introduction of the RR procedure. In addition, responding for three of four participants showed evidence of stimulus generalization, response generalization, or both. Likewise, we found that comparable behavior changes were produced when a participant's paraprofessional implemented RR in a typical classroom. These findings are briefly discussed in terms of procedures that promote behavior acquisition and generalization via negative reinforcement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
56.
The spatial working memory system constantly updates spatial representations and many studies have focused on the underlying
principles of the encoding and maintenance of visual information. Here we investigated the question of how the production
of actions influences spatial working memory. Participants were given a task that required concurrent maintenance of two spatial
arrays, one encoded by visual observation accompanied with pointing movements, the other by only visual observation. Across
two experiments, movement during encoding was found to facilitate recognition of spatial arrays in a load-dependent manner.
The results suggest an action-based encoding principle within the working memory system, and possible underlying action-related
mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
57.
Marvin E. Goldberg 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2009,19(1):28-34
Efforts to assist older adults with cognitive deficits can take one of three paths: law, education or marketing. Legal protections have proved insufficient. Government educational efforts are typically dryly factual and likely to go unheeded. With the growing size of the older adult market, the independent efforts of both for-profit and social marketers to develop products and services that can help this population remain functionally healthy and independent are likely to be successful. Both governments and insurance companies should be motivated to help subsidize these entrepreneurial efforts given the considerably higher costs of caring for the elderly in an institution. 相似文献
58.
59.
Concurrent working memory load can facilitate selective attention: evidence for specialized load 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Park S Kim MS Chun MM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(5):1062-1075
Load theory predicts that concurrent working memory load impairs selective attention and increases distractor interference (N. Lavie, A. Hirst, J. W. de Fockert, & E. Viding). Here, the authors present new evidence that the type of concurrent working memory load determines whether load impairs selective attention or not. Working memory load was paired with a same/different matching task that required focusing on targets while ignoring distractors. When working memory items shared the same limited-capacity processing mechanisms with targets in the matching task, distractor interference increased. However, when working memory items shared processing with distractors in the matching task, distractor interference decreased, facilitating target selection. A specialized load account is proposed to describe the dissociable effects of working memory load on selective processing depending on whether the load overlaps with targets or with distractors. 相似文献
60.
Michelle A. Marvin 《Zygon》2020,55(3):713-732
I explore the impact of memory altering technologies in the science fiction drama (2016–2020) in order to show that unreconciled altered traumatic memory may lead to a dystopian breakdown of society. I bring Miroslav Volf's theological perspectives on memory into conversation with the plot of Westworld in order to reveal connections between memory altering technologies and humanity's responsibility to remember rightly. Using Volf's theology of remembering as an interpretive lens, I analyze characters’ inability to remember rightly while recalling partial memories of their trauma. In virtue of this examination, I contend that memory altering technologies may inhibit individuals from relational processes of healing, such as forgiveness. Consequently, I argue that this study leads to a richer understanding of the potential that memory altering technologies have for undermining humanity's ability to interact in a relational capacity, specifically in terms of forgiveness. 相似文献