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161.
162.
Perceptual asymmetry for chimeric faces across the life span 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Perceptual asymmetries for processing chimeric faces were investigated in dextral subjects, ranging in age from 5 years to elderly adults. The task involved deciding which member of a pair of face chimeras presented in free vision looks happier, the one with the smile to the left or its mirror image with the smile to the right (Levy, Heller, Banich, & Burton, 1983a, Brain and Cognition, 2, 404-419). A leftward bias was found for all age groups. However, kindergarteners' mean asymmetry score was lower than that of all other groups combined, most likely due to noise in their data. The direction in which subjects drew circles with their left and right hands was also observed as an index of interhemispheric communication. All groups showed a bias toward drawing the circles in concordant directions except the kindergarteners. The relation between subjects' performance on the circle drawing and facebook tasks is discussed. 相似文献
163.
Bernard Lubin Marvin Zuckerman Philip G. Hanson Terry Armstrong Christine M. Rinck Mark Seever 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1986,8(2):103-117
A recent factor analysis of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) changed the Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility scales from bipolar to unipolar scales and added two new scales: Positive Affect and Sensation Seeking. Internal reliability of the MAACL-R scales, computed for normal and patient samples, was adequate for state and trait forms except for Sensation Seeking. Test-retest reliability in college students was higher for the trait form with retest intervals of from 2 to 8 weeks than for the state form with retest intervals of from 2 to 5 days. The pattern of correlations among self-, peer, and counselor ratings and the MAACL-R scales for normal and patient samples indicates improved discriminant validity and equally good convergent validity as the old scales. The use of standard scores that are indexed to the number of items checked reduced scale intercorrelations by controlling the acquiescence set.The financial support of the Weldon Springs Endowment Fund, University of Missouri at Kansas City, toward the completion of this research project is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
164.
Marvin W. Acklin Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1986,25(3):198-206
The psychoanalytic theory of religion has been seriously limited in its development, largely owing to Freud's emphasis on religion's neurotic elements and an overemphasis on the infantile origins of religious development. This paper offers a conceptual framework and advances the thesis, based on contemporary psychoanalytic, developmental theory, that 1) Erikson's concept of epigenesis has applicability across the life span; 2) that beyond-the-self identity is constituent to human maturation and self-completion; 3) that successful adult maturation requires a mirroring-facilitating environment; and 4) that religious values, meanings, images, and communities play an essential role-as-elements of the facilitating environment of later life. 相似文献
165.
Role of health locus of control beliefs and expectations of treatment efficacy in adjustment to cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G Marks J L Richardson J W Graham A Levine 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1986,51(2):443-450
We examined the effects of health locus of control beliefs (self-, doctor, and chance control) and expectations of treatment efficacy on short-term psychological adjustment in a sample of newly diagnosed cancer patients. The role of these beliefs and expectations in moderating the relation between (perceived and actual) disease severity and depression was also examined. The data were collected within one week of diagnosis. The relation between perceptions of disease severity and depression was weaker for those who believed that they could personally control their health and for those who held positive expectations about the effects of complying with medical treatment. Similar patterns were found when disease severity was defined in terms of prognosis for survival. Strong negative correlations between self-control/treatment expectations and depression were found for those who perceived that their illness was very severe. The results for chance and doctor control were less consistent. The stability of health control beliefs and treatment expectations over the course of a serious long-term illness is discussed. 相似文献
166.
Daniel S. Levine 《Behavior research methods》1989,21(2):213-224
Neural networks are an increasingly important tool for the mechanistic understanding of psychological phenomena. Three commonly used principles in neural-network design (associative learning, competition, and opponent processing) are outlined here, and two examples of their use in behavior-modeling architectures are discussed. One example relates to an instance of reinforcement learning; that is, of an organism controlling its environment to maximize positive reinforcement or to minimize negative reinforcement. The other example relates to some characteristic deviations from reinforcement learning that occur in people or monkeys with frontal-lobe damage. 相似文献
167.
Is attentional selection between local and global forms based on spatial frequency? This question was examined by having subjects identify local or global forms of stimuli that had been “contrast balanced,” a technique that eliminates low spatial frequencies. Response times (RTs) to global (but not local) forms were slowed for contrast-balanced stimuli, suggesting that low spatial frequencies mediate the global RT advantage typically reported. In contrast, the beneficial effect of having targets appear at the same, as opposed to a different, level as that on the immediately preceding trial was unaffected by contrast balancing. This suggests that attentional selection between different levels of structure is not based on spatial frequency. The data favor an explanation in terms of “priming,” rather than in terms of adjustments in the diameter of an attentional “spotlight.” 相似文献
168.
Robert C. Lane Ph.D. Marvin Daniels Ph.D. Stephen Barber Psy.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1995,25(4):331-365
This paper presents an approach to dream analysis utilizing the manifest content of a number of consecutive dreams from the
same patient. Following a review of the literature, it is noted that in once-a-week psychotherapy there is often very little
time for exhaustive dream analysis to unravel the buried meanings within the latent dream content. Twenty categories have
been established for the configurational analysis, which is applied to the analysis of the first eleven dreams of a patient
in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The authors independently analyzed the patient's dreams using each of the 20 categories with
high reliability, then combined their contributions. This data was then compared with the treating analyst's independent clinical
observations about the twenty categories. 相似文献
169.
Alan J. Dubinsky Francis J. Yammarino Marvin A. Jolson 《Journal of business and psychology》1995,9(3):315-335
Recent research in organizational behavior has found that transformational leadership can engender improved employee work outcomes in many types of organizations. Personal characteristics of transformational leaders, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper reports the findings of a study that explored relationships between personal characteristics and dimensions of transformational leadership using sales managers as the population of interest. Findings suggest that a reconceptualization of the proposed linkages may be necessary. Potential explanations for the results obtained are presented along with managerial and research implications.The authors gratefully acknowledge the host company for its participation in the study. 相似文献
170.
GOOD AND BAD HUMORS: 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Marvin Zuckerman 《Psychological science》1995,6(6):325-332
Personality and its disorders may he studied at many levels, from the broad trait to the basic genetic level This article ad- dresses primarily two of these levels, the trait and the biochemical, and the relations between them, with some treatment of the genetic and neuropsychological levels Five current trait models are described Neurotransmitter systems in the brain and hormones have been shown to be important sources of other species, but simple one-to-one relationships between traits and biochemical are rare, and integrations are likely at all levels 相似文献