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201.
Melissa Frankel 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2017,55(2):214-231
On the old story about early modern philosophy, Descartes is a “rationalist” who devalues the senses, and Berkeley an “empiricist” who rejects this. Berkeley plays into this story in his Notebooks, where he writes: “in vindication of the senses effectually to confute wt Descartes saith in ye last par. of the last Med: viz. that the senses oftener inform him falsly than truely” (794). But when we turn to this “last par.,” we find Descartes maintaining that “my senses report the truth much more frequently than not” (CSM2: 61). In this paper, I draw on recent commentary to outline Descartes' positive account of sensation. I then look carefully at Berkeley's account of the same, in particular, by considering his distinction between human and divine perception and his account of the laws of nature. In so doing, I suggest that there are noteworthy parallels between Descartes' and Berkeley's accounts with respect to the function of sensation and the ways in which sensations can fulfill this function. I conclude by sketching some ways in which this understanding of Berkeley can illuminate some aspects of Berkeley scholarship. 相似文献
202.
203.
Kara I. Gabriel Stephen M. Hong Marvin Chandra Susan D. Lonborg Cynthia L. Barkley 《Sex roles》2011,64(1-2):81-89
Although reports that men and women differ in spatial ability are common, recent research examining stress effects on spatial navigation have not included analyses of gender differences. The current study investigated cue perception and mental rotation after an acute cold-water hand immersion stress in 156 undergraduates from the western United States. Gender differences were observed in spatial performance and spatial anxiety. Discriminant analysis revealed that distal gradient cue identification and mental rotation reaction times as well as spatial anxiety differed among men and women exposed to the acute stress and their warm-water hand immersion controls. These results indicate that stress differentially alters spatial performance in men and women, and underscores the importance of assessing gender differences when examining spatial ability. 相似文献
204.
Marvin B. Krims 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(2):49-63
Many in today’s theater audiences feel uncomfortable with The Taming of the Shrew because of its representation of a cruel man subduing an unruly woman. Although this can be understood as Shakespeare’s phallocentric
culture reflected in his writing, I argue that the Bard represents an even more viscous and intractable problem than gender
discrimination: humankind’s proclivity for cruelty and violence. In this essay, I show how Shakespeare represents this dangerous
tendency evenly on both sides of the gender divide and that whatever amusement we may derive from the farce reflects this
same tendency within ourselves. 相似文献
205.
Marvin J. Fine 《Journal of School Psychology》1970,8(4):301-305
Value judgements are inherent in the development and implementation of any behavior modification program. However, there is concern that techniques will become the prime originator of values and that a broader new of the child and his terms will be lost.
This article has reviewed three aspects of program planning in terms of the value issues involved. These include the manipulation of both abtecedent and consequent events to the behavior, the inclusion of the child in program planning, and teacher resistance to the program. 相似文献
206.
Jiang Y Chun MM Marks LE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2002,28(3):717-730
In visual search, when a subset of distractors is previewed 1 s before the target and the remaining distractors, search speed is independent of the number of previewed items. This is visual marking. What allows old items to be marked? Four experiments show that marking is disrupted if the onset of the new items is accompanied by synchronous changes to the old items, but it is not disrupted by changes restricted to the background or by asynchronous changes to the old items. Further, behaviorally relevant old items can be prioritized over new items. Visual marking is based on temporal asynchrony between new and old items, which allows segregation of these items into 2 temporal groups. Attention is then selectively applied to 1 group. 相似文献
207.
A semi-persistent adult ocular dominance plasticity in visual cortex is stabilized by activated CREB 下载免费PDF全文
Pham TA Graham SJ Suzuki S Barco A Kandel ER Gordon B Lickey ME 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2004,11(6):738-747
The adult cerebral cortex can adapt to environmental change. Using monocular deprivation as a paradigm, we find that rapid experience-dependent plasticity exists even in the mature primary visual cortex. However, adult cortical plasticity differs from developmental plasticity in two important ways. First, the effect of adult, but not juvenile monocular deprivation is strongly suppressed by administration of barbiturate just prior to recording visual evoked potentials, suggesting that the effect of adult experience can be inactivated acutely. Second, the effect of deprivation is less persistent over time in adults than in juveniles. This correlates with the known decline in CREB function during maturation of the visual cortex. To compensate for this decline in CREB function, we expressed persistently active VP16-CREB and find that it causes adult plasticity to become persistent. These results suggest that in development and adulthood, the regulation of a trans-synaptic signaling pathway controls the adaptive potential of cortical circuits. 相似文献
208.
Perceptual grouping in change detection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Detection of an item's changing of its location from one instance to another is typically unaffected by changes in the shape or color of contextual items. However, we demonstrate here that such location change detection is severely impaired if the elongated axes of contextual items change orientation, even though individual locations remain constant and even though the orientation was irrelevant to the task. Changing the orientations of the elongated stimuli altered the perceptual organization of the display, which had an important influence on change detection. In detecting location changes, subjects were unable to ignore changes in orientation unless additional, invariant grouping cues were provided or unless the items changing orientation could be actively ignored using feature-based attention (color cues). Our results suggest that some relational grouping cues are represented in change detection even when they are task irrelevant. 相似文献
209.
Stein M 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2004,40(3):285-309
A conflict between neurology and psychiatry and controversies about psychoanalysis played an important role in the establishment of psychiatry in the general hospital. This article reviews the impact of this conflict on the establishment of an independent Department of Psychiatry in the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York during the first half of the twentieth century. A unique opportunity is provided to consider the relationships and personalities of the individuals involved, as well as economic, social, and scientific factors, including the introduction of psychoanalysis as a major psychiatric treatment. 相似文献
210.
Sonja Annerer-Walcher Simon M. Ceh Felix Putze Marvin Kampen Christof Körner Mathias Benedek 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(4):e12977
Eye behavior is increasingly used as an indicator of internal versus external focus of attention both in research and application. However, available findings are partly inconsistent, which might be attributed to the different nature of the employed types of internal and external cognition tasks. The present study, therefore, investigated how consistently different eye parameters respond to internal versus external attentional focus across three task modalities: numerical, verbal, and visuo-spatial. Three eye parameters robustly differentiated between internal and external attentional focus across all tasks. Blinks, pupil diameter variance, and fixation disparity variance were consistently increased during internally directed attention. We also observed substantial attentional focus effects on other parameters (pupil diameter, fixation disparity, saccades, and microsaccades), but they were moderated by task type. Single-trial analysis of our data using machine learning techniques further confirmed our results: Classifying the focus of attention by means of eye tracking works well across participants, but generalizing across tasks proves to be challenging. Based on the effects of task type on eye parameters, we discuss what eye parameters are best suited as indicators of internal versus external attentional focus in different settings. 相似文献