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121.
122.
Concurrent working memory load can facilitate selective attention: evidence for specialized load 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Park S Kim MS Chun MM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(5):1062-1075
Load theory predicts that concurrent working memory load impairs selective attention and increases distractor interference (N. Lavie, A. Hirst, J. W. de Fockert, & E. Viding). Here, the authors present new evidence that the type of concurrent working memory load determines whether load impairs selective attention or not. Working memory load was paired with a same/different matching task that required focusing on targets while ignoring distractors. When working memory items shared the same limited-capacity processing mechanisms with targets in the matching task, distractor interference increased. However, when working memory items shared processing with distractors in the matching task, distractor interference decreased, facilitating target selection. A specialized load account is proposed to describe the dissociable effects of working memory load on selective processing depending on whether the load overlaps with targets or with distractors. 相似文献
123.
Mark S. Rye Dawn M. Loiacono Chad D. Folck Brandon T. Olszewski Todd A. Heim Benjamin P. Madia 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2001,20(3):260-277
This study examined the psychometric properties of two forgiveness scales using participants enrolled at a Midwestern Catholic
university (N = 328). The Forgiveness Scale is a 15—item Likert-type scale designed to measure forgiveness toward an of-fender. The Forgiveness
Likelihood Scale is a 10—item Likert-type scale designed to measure tendency to forgive across situations. Factor analyses
revealed that the For-giveness Scale contains two subscales (i.e., Absence of Negative, Presence of Posi-tive) and the Forgiveness
Likelihood Scale consists of a single factor. Both scales have adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Both subscales of the Forgiveness Scale were significantly correlated in the expected direction with mea-sures of forgiveness,
religiousness, anger, hope, religious well-being, existential well-being, and social desirability. The Forgiveness Likelihood
Scale was significantly correlated in the expected direction with measures of forgiveness, religiousness, trait anger, religious
well-being, and social desirability.
The authors thank Sarah Danko, Anne Hovancsek, Carla Kmett, Jennifer Martin, and Colleen Ryan for their assistance. We kindly
request that researchers who use the forgiveness scales evaluated in this study provide us with a summary of their psychometric
data for the scales. The idea for creating the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale was based upon the Willingness to Forgive Scale
(Hebl & Enright, 1993). 相似文献
124.
Michelle A. Marvin 《Zygon》2020,55(3):713-732
I explore the impact of memory altering technologies in the science fiction drama (2016–2020) in order to show that unreconciled altered traumatic memory may lead to a dystopian breakdown of society. I bring Miroslav Volf's theological perspectives on memory into conversation with the plot of Westworld in order to reveal connections between memory altering technologies and humanity's responsibility to remember rightly. Using Volf's theology of remembering as an interpretive lens, I analyze characters’ inability to remember rightly while recalling partial memories of their trauma. In virtue of this examination, I contend that memory altering technologies may inhibit individuals from relational processes of healing, such as forgiveness. Consequently, I argue that this study leads to a richer understanding of the potential that memory altering technologies have for undermining humanity's ability to interact in a relational capacity, specifically in terms of forgiveness. 相似文献
125.
126.
Bernard Lubin Marvin Zuckerman Philip G. Hanson Terry Armstrong Christine M. Rinck Mark Seever 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1986,8(2):103-117
A recent factor analysis of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) changed the Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility scales from bipolar to unipolar scales and added two new scales: Positive Affect and Sensation Seeking. Internal reliability of the MAACL-R scales, computed for normal and patient samples, was adequate for state and trait forms except for Sensation Seeking. Test-retest reliability in college students was higher for the trait form with retest intervals of from 2 to 8 weeks than for the state form with retest intervals of from 2 to 5 days. The pattern of correlations among self-, peer, and counselor ratings and the MAACL-R scales for normal and patient samples indicates improved discriminant validity and equally good convergent validity as the old scales. The use of standard scores that are indexed to the number of items checked reduced scale intercorrelations by controlling the acquiescence set.The financial support of the Weldon Springs Endowment Fund, University of Missouri at Kansas City, toward the completion of this research project is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
127.
Marvin W. Acklin Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1986,25(3):198-206
The psychoanalytic theory of religion has been seriously limited in its development, largely owing to Freud's emphasis on religion's neurotic elements and an overemphasis on the infantile origins of religious development. This paper offers a conceptual framework and advances the thesis, based on contemporary psychoanalytic, developmental theory, that 1) Erikson's concept of epigenesis has applicability across the life span; 2) that beyond-the-self identity is constituent to human maturation and self-completion; 3) that successful adult maturation requires a mirroring-facilitating environment; and 4) that religious values, meanings, images, and communities play an essential role-as-elements of the facilitating environment of later life. 相似文献
128.
John E. Seaman Brandon F. Greene Maria Watson-Perczel 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1986,19(2):125-135
Many deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest can be prevented by the prompt and effective administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this study, we examined the standard training program for teaching CPR to emergency medical technicians (EMTs). We developed an alternative experimental program whereby the behaviors involved in CPR were assessed easily and in greater detail. This assessment provided the basis for a system in which effective CPR skills were reinforced and problems were corrected. Subjects who were trained in CPR according to this experimental program performed more effectively than subjects in the standard program. In addition, retention (maintenance) measures indicated that experimental subjects continued to perform well, often more effectively than professionally employed EMTs. 相似文献
129.
Is attentional selection between local and global forms based on spatial frequency? This question was examined by having subjects identify local or global forms of stimuli that had been “contrast balanced,” a technique that eliminates low spatial frequencies. Response times (RTs) to global (but not local) forms were slowed for contrast-balanced stimuli, suggesting that low spatial frequencies mediate the global RT advantage typically reported. In contrast, the beneficial effect of having targets appear at the same, as opposed to a different, level as that on the immediately preceding trial was unaffected by contrast balancing. This suggests that attentional selection between different levels of structure is not based on spatial frequency. The data favor an explanation in terms of “priming,” rather than in terms of adjustments in the diameter of an attentional “spotlight.” 相似文献
130.
Robert C. Lane Ph.D. Marvin Daniels Ph.D. Stephen Barber Psy.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1995,25(4):331-365
This paper presents an approach to dream analysis utilizing the manifest content of a number of consecutive dreams from the
same patient. Following a review of the literature, it is noted that in once-a-week psychotherapy there is often very little
time for exhaustive dream analysis to unravel the buried meanings within the latent dream content. Twenty categories have
been established for the configurational analysis, which is applied to the analysis of the first eleven dreams of a patient
in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The authors independently analyzed the patient's dreams using each of the 20 categories with
high reliability, then combined their contributions. This data was then compared with the treating analyst's independent clinical
observations about the twenty categories. 相似文献