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81.
Martine B. Powell Donald M. Thomson Stephen J. Ceci 《Applied cognitive psychology》2003,17(2):127-146
Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of age (4–5 and 6–8 years) and retention interval on children's ability to remember separate occurrences of a repeated event that varied in terms of content (items, dialog, etc.) Experiment 1 explored children's ability to recall the first versus last occurrence of a series of six events, at either one week or six weeks delay. Experiments 2 and 3 explored children's ability to identify the position of items in terms of their order of presentation within the series across two retention intervals. Overall, the results revealed clear age differences in children's performance. In general, the 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children performed better on all tasks than the 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children. Further, the older children showed relatively good memory of the first and last items compared to the middle items, although the last items were more likely to be forgotten or misplaced in the sequencing tasks over time than the first items. For the younger children, the patterns of results were sometimes but not always consistent with that of the older children. The relevance and generalisability of these findings to the legal setting are discussed as well as directions for future research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
Investigation of “out-of-body experiences” (OBEs) has implications for understanding both normal bodily-self integration and its vulnerabilities. Beyond reported associations between OBEs and specific brain regions, however, there have been few investigations of neurochemical systems relevant to OBEs. Ketamine, a drug used recreationally to achieve dissociative experiences, provides a real-world paradigm for investigating neurochemical effects. We investigate the strength of the association of OBEs and ketamine use relative to other common drugs of abuse. Self-report data (N = 192) from an online survey indicate that both lifetime frequency of ketamine use and OBEs during ketamine intoxication were more strongly related to the frequency of OBEs and related phenomena than other drugs. Moreover, the apparent effects of other drugs could largely be explained by associated ketamine use. The present results, consistent with the role of NMDA receptors in OBEs, should encourage future studies of the role of neurochemical systems in OBEs. 相似文献
83.
84.
The Behavior Checklist, a self-report test procedure, was administered to 42 adults who stutter and 76 who do not in order to investigate the number, frequency of usage, type and nature of the responses that they reportedly employ to cope with the anticipation and/or presence of speech disruption. As a group, the participants who stutter reported a significantly greater number of speech-associated coping responses and a greater use of them than their nonstuttering peers did. Moreover, factor analysis made apparent fundamental between-group differences in the type and nature of certain forms of the coping responses reported by those who stutter and those who do not. This suggests that the quantitative and qualitative differences in the coping responses of those who do and do not stutter are potentially useful with respect to differential diagnostic and therapeutic decision making. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: (1) The reader will be able to describe differences in the number, frequency and types of coping behaviors used by PWS and PWNS. (2) The reader will be able to list similarities and differences in the type and nature of coping behaviors used by PWS and PWNS. (3) The reader will be able to discuss the features and use of the Behavior Checklist, a self-report procedure for assessing the responses used by adults to cope with the anticipation and occurrence of speech disruption. 相似文献
85.
86.
Four emotionally arousing stimuli were used to probe the behavior of monkeys with bilateral ablations of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex. The monkeys' behavioral changes were then contrasted with those observed earlier (M. Meunier, J. Bachevalier, E. A. Murray, L. Málková, & M. Mishkin, 1999) in monkeys with either neurotoxic or aspiration lesions of the neighboring amygdala. Rhinal cortex ablations yielded several subtle behavioral changes but none of them resembled any of the disorders typically seen after amygdalectomies. The changes produced by rhinal damage took mainly the form of heightened defensiveness and attenuated submission and approach responses; that is, just the opposite of some of the most distinctive symptoms following amygdala damage. These findings raise the possibility that the rhinal cortex and amygdala have distinct, interactive functions in normal behavioral adaptation to affective stimuli. 相似文献
87.
Spatial variations of visual-auditory fusion areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The tolerance to spatial disparity between two synchronous visual and auditory components of a bimodal stimulus has been investigated in order to assess their respective contributions to perceptual fusion. The visual and auditory systems each have specific information-processing mechanisms, and provide different cues for scene perception, with the respective dominance of space for vision and of time for hearing. A broadband noise burst and a spot of light, 500 ms in duration, have been simultaneously presented to participants who had to judge whether these cues referred to a single spatial event. We examined the influence of (i) the range and the direction of spatial disparity between the visual and auditory components of a stimulation and (ii) the eccentricity of the bimodal stimulus in the observer's perceptual field. Size and shape properties of visual-auditory fusion areas have been determined in two dimensions. The greater the eccentricity within the perceptual field, the greater the dimension of these areas; however, this increase in size also depends on whether the direction of the disparity is vertical or horizontal. Furthermore, the relative location of visual and auditory signals significantly modifies the perception of unity in the vertical plane. The shape of the fusion areas, their variation in the field, and the perceptual result associated with the relative location of the visual and auditory components of the stimulus, concur towards a strong contribution of audition to visual-auditory fusion. The spatial ambiguity of the localisation capabilities of the auditory system may play a more essential role than accurate visual resolution in determining fusion. 相似文献
88.
Anxiety sensitivity in six countries 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zvolensky MJ Arrindell WA Taylor S Bouvard M Cox BJ Stewart SH Sandin B Cardenas SJ Eifert GH 《Behaviour research and therapy》2003,41(7):841-859
In the present study, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R; ) was administered to a large sample of persons (n=2786) from different cultures represented in six different countries: Canada, France, Mexico, The Netherlands, Spain, and the United States. We sought to (a) determine the factor structure and internal consistency of the ASI-R and (b) examine the correlations of the measure with psychiatric symptoms and personality dimensions in a single European non-English speaking country (The Netherlands). Partially consistent with the original hypothesis, the underlying structure of the anxiety sensitivity construct was generally similar across countries, tapping fear about the negative consequences of anxiety-related physical and social-cognitive sensations. Lower-order factors were moderately to strongly correlated with one another and showed good internal consistency. The observed lower-order ASI-R factors correlated with established psychiatric symptoms and with the personality trait of neuroticism. Partial correlations indicated that both factors are useful in accounting for variance in symptom measures. We discuss the results of this investigation in relation to the cross-cultural assessment of the anxiety sensitivity construct. 相似文献
89.
Highlander April Quetsch Lauren Girard Emma McNeil Cheryl B. 《Journal of child and family studies》2021,30(11):2845-2859
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Substantial evidence supports the effective reduction of child behavior problems and increase of positive parenting skills in behavioral parent-training (BPT)... 相似文献
90.
Martine Nida-Rümelin 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(2):255-272
In the center of this paper is a phenomenological claim: we experience ourselves in our own doings and we experience others
when we perceive them in their doings as active in the sense of being a cause of the corresponding physical event. These experiences are fundamental to the way we view ourselves
and others. It is therefore desirable for any philosophical theory to be compatible with the content of these experiences
and thus to avoid the attribution of radical and permanent error to human experience. A theory of ‘subject causation’ according
to which the active subject continuously and simultaneously causes physical changes is sketched. This account is—according
to the phenomenological claim defended—compatible with the content of our daily experiences in doing something and in observing
others in their doings and it has a number of further more theoretical advantages: it does not touch the autonomy of neurophysiology
and it is compatible with a thesis of supervenience of the mental on the physical. It does however require a weak version
of subject-body dualism.
相似文献
Martine Nida-RümelinEmail: |