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901.
The revised physical self-perception profile (PSPP-R) was constructed to measure both perceived competence and importance linked to domains of the physical self. In the present study, we tested the factorial validity of the PSPP-R, using confirmatory factor analytic approach, on samples of university students from three different countries: Sweden, Turkey, and the UK. Multi-sample covariance structure analyses were also used to test the invariance of the PSPP-R across the three national samples. First-order four-factor models, including the latent factors of sport competence, physical conditioning, body attractiveness and physical strength, demonstrated good-fit with the data both for competence and importance factors. Second-order factor models, incorporating the second-order latent domain factor of physical self-worth also exhibited good-fit with the data. Factor patterns and covariances were invariant across samples for both competence and importance scales. Item intercepts were also invariant for the importance scales, whereas partial invariance of intercepts was supported for competence scales. The results are discussed with reference to the validity of the original physical self-perception profile and cross-cultural studies on the physical self. 相似文献
902.
Social animals have much to gain from observing and responding appropriately to the actions of their conspecific group members.
This can in turn lead to the learning of novel behavior patterns (social learning) or to foraging, ranging, or social behavioral
choices copied from fellow group members, which do not necessarily result in long-term learning, but at the time represent
adaptive responses to environmental cues (public information use). In the current study, we developed a novel system for the
study of public information use under fully automated conditions. We modified a classic single-subject laboratory paradigm—matching-to-sample
(MTS)—and examined chimpanzees’ ability to interpret and utilize cues provided by the behavior of a conspecific to solve the
task. In Experiment 1, two subjects took turns on an identity MTS task, with one subject (the model) performing the first
half of the trial and the other subject (the observer) completing the trial using the model’s actions as discriminative cues.
Both subjects performed above chance from the first session onwards. In Experiment 2, the subjects were tested on a symbolic
version of the same MTS task, with one subject showing spontaneous transfer. Our study establishes a novel method for examining
public information use within a highly controlled and automated setting. 相似文献
903.
Francisco Javier Rondan‐Cataluña David Martin‐Ruiz 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2011,10(5):245-254
This study explores the moderating effects of various consumer features – such as price insensitivity and recency of last purchase – on the relationships among perceived value, inferred vendor profit, and perceived price fairness. A proposed model is developed and an empirical study is then conducted among consumers in four contexts: (i) two tangible goods; and (ii) two intangible services. The proposed model and hypotheses are tested using Partial Least Squares (PLS) software SmartPLS 2.0.M3, which provides a component‐based approach for estimation purposes. The influence of these moderating variables (price insensitivity and recency of the last purchase) depends on the context and the nature of the offering. This is a pioneering study of perceived price fairness in a framework of distributive justice utilizing a variety of contexts, products, and services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
904.
Rhodes R Azzouni J Baumrin SB Benkov K Blaser MJ Brenner B Dauben JW Earle WJ Frank L Gligorov N Goldfarb J Hirschhorn K Hirschhorn R Holzman I Indyk D Jabs EW Lackey DP Moros DA Philpott S Rhodes ME Richardson LD Sacks HS Schwab A Sperling R Trusko B Zweig A 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2011,11(11):1-7
905.
906.
Livingstone AG Spears R Manstead AS Bruder M Shepherd L 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2011,11(4):754-767
Building on intergroup emotion research, we test the idea that intergroup emotion influences self-categorization. We report two studies using minimal (Study 1) and natural (Study 2) groups in which we measured participants' emotional reactions to a group-relevant event before manipulating the emotional reactions of other ingroup members and outgroup members (anger vs. happiness in Study 1; anger vs. indifference in Study 2). Results supported the hypotheses that (a) the fit between participants' own emotional reactions and the reactions of ingroup members would influence self-categorization, and (b) the specific content of emotional reactions would shape participants' willingness to engage in collective action. This willingness was greater when emotional reactions were not only shared with other group members, but were of anger (consistent with group-based action) rather than happiness or indifference (inconsistent with group-based action). Implications for the relationship between emotion and social identities are discussed. 相似文献
907.
Knock-out studies in mice suggest a role of the CHRNA4 gene in anxiety. In the present study we extend this finding to humans by means of a genetic association study. In a sample of N = 574 healthy White participants, the CHRNA4 rs1044396 polymorphism is related to the common variance of several conceptualizations of negative emotionality. Compared to carriers of at least one T-allele, carriers of the homozygous C/C genotype described themselves as more anxious and emotionally unstable on various psychometric personality questionnaires. The scope of the genetic effect is remarkable because other prominent genetic markers for anxiety show specificity for the diagnostic tool used. The present study is the first study that demonstrates the relevance of the CHRNA4 gene for negative emotionality in humans and sets a starting point for further investigations that could inform on the treatment of various affective psychiatric disorders. 相似文献
908.
Chung-I Lin 《Dao》2011,10(3):311-340
This essay argues that the idea of name-rectification (zheng ming 正名) in the Xunzi can be properly reconstructed as revealing a normative pragmatic semantic theme that linguistic contents embody, and are
embedded in, the normative, justificatory network, or pattern, of dao li 道理 (proper routes/patterns of norm) which, in turn, is constituted and manifested by social inferential justificatory practices
of bian shuo 辯說 (dialectical justification/explanation). 相似文献
909.
以《生活取向测量修订版》、《儿童解释风格问卷》、《中国中学生心理健康量表》为评估工具,从积极心理学和积极心理健康教育的理念出发,对实验班进行8周的班级辅导。结果表明:班级心理辅导能改善和培养初中生乐观心理品质。 相似文献
910.
Hongjun Yin Swu-Jane Lin Sheldon X. Kong Kenza Benzeroual Stephanie Y. Crawford Donald Hedeker Bruce L. Lambert Naoko Muramatsu 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(1):1-19
Self-rated general health has been used widely in health surveys as a single-item measurement of health-rated quality of life.
Heterogeneity in self-evaluation of health has been well documented, yet the causes of this heterogeneity are poorly understood.
This study evaluated the moderating effects of age, aging, gender, race, education and income on the relationship between
physical functioning and self-rated general health using social comparison theory as a guiding framework. A longitudinal mixed-effects
regression model was used to analyze a cohort enrolled into the Health and Retirement Study in 1993 that was interviewed at
baseline and during four subsequent waves. The results revealed that the association between physical functioning and self-rated
general health is weaker among subgroups that tend to have lower health status; i.e., older individuals, non-Caucasians and
less educated individuals. These findings suggest the usefulness of social comparison theory in explaining self-rated general
health and provide the basis for future research. 相似文献