排序方式: 共有124条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Strategies in probabilistic categorization: results from a new way of analyzing performance
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Meeter M Myers CE Shohamy D Hopkins RO Gluck MA 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2006,13(2):230-239
The "Weather Prediction" task is a widely used task for investigating probabilistic category learning, in which various cues are probabilistically (but not perfectly) predictive of class membership. This means that a given combination of cues sometimes belongs to one class and sometimes to another. Prior studies showed that subjects can improve their performance with training, and that there is considerable individual variation in the strategies subjects use to approach this task. Here, we discuss a recently introduced analysis of probabilistic categorization, which attempts to identify the strategy followed by a participant. Monte Carlo simulations show that the analysis can, indeed, reliably identify such a strategy if it is used, and can identify switches from one strategy to another. Analysis of data from normal young adults shows that the fitted strategy can predict subsequent responses. Moreover, learning is shown to be highly nonlinear in probabilistic categorization. Analysis of performance of patients with dense memory impairments due to hippocampal damage shows that although these patients can change strategies, they are as likely to fall back to an inferior strategy as to move to more optimal ones. 相似文献
12.
Martijn van Zomeren Colin Wayne Leach Russell Spears 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(6):1055-1060
Although group identification and group efficacy are both important predictors of collective action against collective disadvantage, there is mixed evidence for their (causal) relationship. Meta-analytic and correlational evidence suggests an overall positive relationship that has been interpreted as consistent with the idea that group identification leads to group efficacy. However, experimental evidence has not supported this causal relationship. To resolve this paradox, we show in an experiment that it is group efficacy that leads to increased group identification because group efficacy puts individuals' identity into action. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
13.
Bärbel Maus Gerard J. P. van Breukelen Rainer Goebel Martijn P. F. Berger 《Psychometrika》2010,75(2):373-390
Blocked designs in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are useful to localize functional brain areas. A blocked design
consists of different blocks of trials of the same stimulus type and is characterized by three factors: the length of blocks,
i.e., number of trials per blocks, the ordering of task and rest blocks, and the time between trials within one block. Optimal
design theory was applied to find the optimal combination of these three design factors. Furthermore, different error structures
were used within a general linear model for the analysis of fMRI data, and the maximin criterion was applied to find designs
which are robust against misspecification of model parameters. 相似文献
14.
Research suggests that the motivation to perform specific behaviours can originate in the unconscious. This implicit motivation can generally be traced to two basic sources: Deprivation of essential resources and positive affect attached to the specific behaviour. Yet, whereas previous research has increased our understanding of the emergence of implicit motivation, there is little theoretical analysis and empirical research that addresses how these sources interact in producing motivation. This chapter presents a framework for the comprehension of implicitly motivated behaviour resulting from deprivation and positive affect. The framework consists of two essential components. First, it proposes that mental representations of behaviour direct and prepare individuals to engage in behaviour. Second, it suggests that a reward signal either emanating from deprivation or positive affect acts upon behaviour representations to produce motivated behaviour. We present several findings supporting the framework and discuss these findings in the context of non-conscious goal pursuit and needs. 相似文献
15.
Martijn Schouteden Katrijn Van Deun Sven Pattyn Iven Van Mechelen 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(3):822-833
Often data are collected that consist of different blocks that all contain information about the same entities (e.g., items, persons, or situations). In order to unveil both information that is common to all data blocks and information that is distinctive for one or a few of them, an integrated analysis of the whole of all data blocks may be most useful. Interesting classes of methods for such an approach are simultaneous-component and multigroup factor analysis methods. These methods yield dimensions underlying the data at hand. Unfortunately, however, in the results from such analyses, common and distinctive types of information are mixed up. This article proposes a novel method to disentangle the two kinds of information, by making use of the rotational freedom of component and factor models. We illustrate this method with data from a cross-cultural study of emotions. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Visual attention is strongly affected by the past: both by recent experience and by long-term regularities in the environment that are encoded in and retrieved from memory. In visual search, intertrial repetition of targets causes speeded response times (short-term priming). Similarly, targets that are presented more often than others may facilitate search, even long after it is no longer present (long-term priming). In this study, we investigate whether such short-term priming and long-term priming depend on dissociable mechanisms. By recording eye movements while participants searched for one of two conjunction targets, we explored at what stages of visual search different forms of priming manifest. We found both long- and short- term priming effects. Long-term priming persisted long after the bias was present, and was again found even in participants who were unaware of a color bias. Short- and long-term priming affected the same stage of the task; both biased eye movements towards targets with the primed color, already starting with the first eye movement. Neither form of priming affected the response phase of a trial, but response repetition did. The results strongly suggest that both long- and short-term memory can implicitly modulate feedforward visual processing. 相似文献
19.
Luigjes Judy Segrave Rebecca de Joode Niels Figee Martijn Denys Damiaan 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(1):116-138
Neuropsychology Review - It is important to find new treatments for addiction due to high relapse rates despite current interventions and due to expansion of the field with non-substance related... 相似文献
20.