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571.
Martha C. Tompson Claudette B. Pierre Kathryn Dingman Boger James W. McKowen Priscilla T. Chan Rachel D. Freed 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):105-117
Across development, maternal depression has been found to be a risk factor for youth psychopathology generally and youth depression
specifically. Maternal Expressed Emotion (EE) has been examined as a predictor of outcome among youth with depression. The
present study explored the associations between youth psychopathology and two predictors–maternal depression within the child’s
lifetime and maternal EE–in a study of children at risk for depression. One hundred and seventy-one youth, ages 8–12, and
their mothers participated. To assess maternal and youth psychopathology, dyads were administered structured diagnostic assessments,
and mothers and children completed self-report measures of their own depressive symptoms. In addition, mothers completed the
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist–Parent Report Version (CBCL) for their children. Maternal EE was assessed based on the
Five Minute Speech Sample. History of maternal depression was associated with high maternal EE, and the combination of maternal
depression history and maternal EE was associated with children’s own reports of higher depressive symptoms. Current maternal
depressive symptoms were associated with mothers’ reports of children’s Internalizing scores on the CBCL, and maternal depression
history, current maternal depressive symptoms, and maternal EE were strongly associated with mothers’ reports of children’s
Externalizing and Total Problem scores on the CBCL. History of maternal depression and a rating of high or borderline Critical
EE (characterized by maternal critical comments and/or reports of a negative relationship) were independently associated with
children’s depression diagnoses. 相似文献
572.
Martha A. Holleman M. Jane Sundius Eric J. Bruns 《American journal of community psychology》2010,45(3-4):405-416
A growing body of research is examining the strengths and weaknesses of specific after school programs and their effect on youth outcomes. Few reviews, however, have sought to examine the components of citywide system-building—to understand intentional efforts to develop, support and sustain high quality after school programming across a community. Beginning in the mid-1990s and continuing through the present, private funders, public officials and program practitioners in cities across America have joined together to build systems to support the expansion and improvement of after school programs at the city-level. This paper presents the community context and underlying principles that drove the development of Baltimore’s After-School Strategy; articulates a set of system components derived from this experience and the available literature; and lays out future work to expand high quality after-school opportunities for youth in Baltimore and in other distressed urban environments. 相似文献
573.
Genetic counselors and other health professionals may encounter adoption during any counseling session. They must be skilled
in using appropriate language and understand how to approach and discuss this topic with clients. A thorough knowledge of
adoption as an option for clients facing a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis is necessary when presenting individuals with non-biased
information needed for informed decision-making. However, three preliminary studies have demonstrated an absence of graduate
education and lack of a professional knowledge base regarding this option (Mates 2008; Oksala 2007; Perry 2003). We discuss the impact of medical professionals’ preconceptions on client decision-making, increasing early identification
of fetal anomalies, deficiency of adoption knowledge and resources, and the resulting need for genetic counselors and other
health professionals to develop their skills in discussing adoption with clients. 相似文献
574.
This study examined the moderating effect of exchange ideology on the relation between perceptions of organizational politics and manager-rated retention. Data collected from 178 employees of a distribution services organization indicated that employees’ perceptions of organizational politics related negatively related to manager assessments of retention. However, the variables were only related among employees with a moderate to strong exchange ideology. These individuals were more sensitive to a political environment than individuals with a weak exchange ideology. Implications for employees seeking to actively manage their careers are discussed. 相似文献
575.
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577.
Based on research that the author conducted in 1998 this paper re-examines theories of immigrant adaptation by relating Philomena Essed's three-point framework of immigrant adaptation to the settlement of Ghanaian immigrant women in Canada. Essed identifies three phases of the adaptation process that she categorizes as “when are we going back”, “are we going back”, and “here to stay.” This paper examines what it meant for Ghanaian women to “look back” and how “looking back” dictated their adaptation strategies. The paper moves beyond notions of adaptation that stress measurable and quantifiable outcomes to one that stresses the agency of immigrant women. The author argues that Ghanaian immigrant women's seemingly low status in the economy was not a reflection of poor adaptation but rather a measure to help them connect with people in the homeland. 相似文献
578.
Perceiving emotions correctly is foundational to the development of interpersonal skills. Five-month-old infants’ abilities to recognize, discriminate and categorize facial expressions of smiling were tested in three coordinated experiments. Infants were habituated to four degrees of smiling modeled by the same or different people; following habituation, infants were presented with a new degree of smile worn by the same and by a new person (Experiment 1), a new degree of smile and a fearful expression worn by the same person (Experiment 2) or a new degree of smile and a fearful expression worn by new people (Experiment 3). Infants showed significant novelty preferences for the new person smiling and for the fearful expressions over the new degree of smiling. These findings indicate that infants at 5 months can categorize the facial expression of smiling in static faces, and yet recognize the same person despite changes in facial expression; this is the youngest age at which these abilities have been demonstrated. The findings are discussed in light of the significance of emotion expression face processing in social interaction and infants’ categorization of faces. 相似文献
579.
Stuart Marcovitch Melissa W. Clearfield Margaret Swingler Susan D. Calkins Martha Ann Bell 《Infant and child development》2016,25(4):233-246
In the first year of life, the ability to search for hidden objects is an indicator of object permanence and, when multiple locations are involved, executive function (i.e. inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory). The current study was designed to examine attentional predictors of search in 5‐month‐old infants (as measured by the looking A‐not‐B task), and whether levels of maternal education moderated the effect of the predictors. Specifically, in a separate task, the infants were shown a unique puppet, and we measured the percentage of time attending to the puppet, as well as the length of the longest look (i.e., peak fixation) directed towards the puppet. Across the entire sample (N = 390), the percentage of time attending to the puppet was positively related to performance on the visual A‐not‐B task. However, for infants whose mothers had not completed college, having a shorter peak looking time (after controlling for percentage of time) was also a predictor of visual A‐not‐B performance. The role of attention, peak fixation and maternal education in visual search is discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
580.
Science and Technology Studies (STS) projects often aim at understanding social problems and epistemic challenges in science and, more generally, in the technoscientific worlds we inhabit. However, it is often unclear if and how these projects can help address the problems they identify. Scholars such as Donna Haraway, John Law, and Karen Barad have argued that STS methods always interfere with the contexts they study. Combining this insight with recent feminist scholarship on the politics of care in technoscience suggests that a better understanding of how our research practices already interfere can help us attune our methods in order to promote care as part our research practices. One avenue to investigate this hypothesis is to return to a completed study and reconstruct how its research methods have created interference effects that promoted or could promote care for the problems the study identified. In the case at hand, the methods investigated are interviews with life scientists in Austria and the USA. The problem they defined is that current career rationales in the life sciences, which foreground individualism, mobility, and competition hinder collaboration, teamwork, and mentoring, strain group cohesion, and tend to exclude certain groups. Reframing the research interviews as ‘agential conversations’ that interfered with the contexts they sought to understand shows how the interviews also created situated moments of reflection, connection, and disruption that could serve as a basis for responding to these problematic conditions affecting researchers in the life sciences and beyond. 相似文献