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271.
Martha Pelaez Javier Virues-Ortega Tiffany M. Field Yalda Amir-Kiaei Gabriel Schnerch 《Infant behavior & development》2013
The present study examined the acquisition of social referencing skills in infants of mothers with symptoms of depression (n = 44). We aimed to determine if a short discrimination training could facilitate infants’ social referencing. Mothers were instructed to pose either joyful or fearful facial expressions to cue infants’ approach/avoidance responses toward an ambiguous object. Maternal expressions were correlated with pleasant or unpleasant events occurring after the infant's response. The results showed that after the intervention, infants looked at their mothers more frequently and reached or avoided the ambiguous object based on the preceding maternal expression. The results suggest that discrimination training procedures can establish social referencing in infants of mothers with symptoms of depression. 相似文献
272.
Martha Ruff 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(2):171-174
Abstract The Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center (AECOM/MMC) Department of Psychiatry and the Gralnick Foundation/ High Point Hospital jointly sponsored the Second Annual Einstein Symposium on November 7, 1985 commemorating the centennial year of Yeshiva University. The symposium, focusing on Behavioral Family Therapy, opened with the presentation of the Einstein Award for Research in Psychiatry to B. F. Skinner by Herman van Praag, Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry. After Skinner's discussion of the role of emotions in behavior analysis, several nationally renowned clinical researchers in the field of behavioral family therapy presented findings of their recent work. 相似文献
273.
Sarah Scollon Amanda Knoth Anglin Martha Thomas Joyce T. Turner Kami Wolfe Schneider 《Journal of genetic counseling》2017,26(3):387-434
An understanding of the role of inherited cancer predisposition syndromes in pediatric tumor diagnoses continues to develop as more information is learned through the application of genomic technology. Identifying patients and their relatives at an increased risk for developing cancer is an important step in the care of this patient population. The purpose of this review is to highlight various tumor types that arise in the pediatric population and the cancer predisposition syndromes associated with those tumors. The review serves as a guide for recognizing genes and conditions to consider when a pediatric cancer referral presents to the genetics clinic. 相似文献
274.
Martha L. Stocking 《Psychologie appliquee》1987,36(3-4):263-277
This paper describes two simulated feasibility studies conducted in support of a project to implement computerised adaptive testing on microcomputers for college placement purposes. The first study compares adaptive testing with alternative conventional peaked tests. The second study explores two stopping rules: fixed test length and fixed standard error of measurement. These studies typify the kind of psychometric research required to initiate and support operational adaptive testing programs.
Cet article décrit deux études de modèles de faisabilité conduites pour rendre fiable un projet de construction de batterie de tests informatisés sur micro, en vue ďorganiser le placement dans les collèges. La première étude compare cette catégorie de tests avec les tests conventionnels les plus connus. La deuxième explore deux règies: la longueur imposée du test et ľerreur standard imposée dans la mesure. Ces études fixent le type de recherche psychométrique requis par ľinitiation et le support opérationnel de programmes de tests informatisés. 相似文献
Cet article décrit deux études de modèles de faisabilité conduites pour rendre fiable un projet de construction de batterie de tests informatisés sur micro, en vue ďorganiser le placement dans les collèges. La première étude compare cette catégorie de tests avec les tests conventionnels les plus connus. La deuxième explore deux règies: la longueur imposée du test et ľerreur standard imposée dans la mesure. Ces études fixent le type de recherche psychométrique requis par ľinitiation et le support opérationnel de programmes de tests informatisés. 相似文献
275.
Molly Helt Elizabeth Kelley Marcel Kinsbourne Juhi Pandey Hilary Boorstein Martha Herbert Deborah Fein 《Neuropsychology review》2008,18(4):339-366
Although Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are generally assumed to be lifelong, we review evidence that between 3% and 25%
of children reportedly lose their ASD diagnosis and enter the normal range of cognitive, adaptive and social skills. Predictors
of recovery include relatively high intelligence, receptive language, verbal and motor imitation, and motor development, but
not overall symptom severity. Earlier age of diagnosis and treatment, and a diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not
Otherwise Specified are also favorable signs. The presence of seizures, mental retardation and genetic syndromes are unfavorable
signs, whereas head growth does not predict outcome. Controlled studies that report the most recovery came about after the
use of behavioral techniques. Residual vulnerabilities affect higher-order communication and attention. Tics, depression and
phobias are frequent residual co-morbidities after recovery. Possible mechanisms of recovery include: normalizing input by
forcing attention outward or enriching the environment; promoting the reinforcement value of social stimuli; preventing interfering
behaviors; mass practice of weak skills; reducing stress and stabilizing arousal. Improving nutrition and sleep quality is
non-specifically beneficial. 相似文献
276.
Jenny Macfie Renate M. Houts Abigail S. Pressel Martha J. Cox 《Infant mental health journal》2008,29(4):297-319
We know that exposure to marital conflict places infants at risk, but we know less about processes. One process may be role reversal, when a distressed parent looks to the child to meet unmet needs for comfort, intimacy, or companionship. A parent in marital conflict may be particularly prone to role reversal, which in turn adversely affects child development. The current study examined pathways from infants' exposure to marital conflict at 12 months to role reversal at 24 months. We sampled low–middle socioeconomic status (SES) families with their first child (N = 128). Independent observers assessed marital conflict (in a problem‐solving task) and role reversal (in a story‐telling task). We found that each parent's conflict behavior predicted the other parent's role reversal. In a direct pathway, mother's conflict behavior towards father led directly to father's role reversal with the child. In an indirect pathway, father's conflict behavior towards mother led to his withdrawal from her, which in turn led to mother's role reversal with the child. Clinical implications are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework in terms of preventive interventions to offset the deleterious effect of marital conflict and role reversal on child development. 相似文献
277.
Goodman G Gerstadt C Pfeffer CR Stroh M Valdez A 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(1):46-59
Forty-three psychiatrically hospitalized prepubertal children were assessed regarding their assaultive and suicidal behaviors. These children were subsequently classified into two groups, assaultive/suicidal (AS) and assaultive-only (AO). AS children had higher aggression and suicidal-scale scores, but not higher depression scores, and were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD, child's aggression, and maternal depression and state anger accounted for 33% of the variance in suicidal-scale scores. Aggression mediated the relation between ADHD and suicidal behavior. Differences in symptom pattern between these two subtypes of assaultive inpatient children are interpreted as a basis for distinctive screening procedures. 相似文献
278.
Givaudan M Leenen I Van de Vijver FJ Poortinga YH Pick S 《Psychology, health & medicine》2008,13(1):98-110
A quasi-experimental study is reported with four measurement occasions to evaluate longer-term effects of a life-skills and HIV/AIDS school-based prevention program. Trained teachers administered the program promoting precursors of safer sex behavior to 2064 Mexican high-school students at an age before most were sexually active. The variables included in the study (knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention, attitudes towards use of condoms, subjective norms, intentions to use condoms and life skills as decision-making skills, partner communication and individual responsibility) have been reported as precursors of protective sexual behavior. The results demonstrate the stability of training effects and a positive impact on these precursors over 1 year of follow-up. 相似文献
279.
Farah MJ Betancourt L Shera DM Savage JH Giannetta JM Brodsky NL Malmud EK Hurt H 《Developmental science》2008,11(5):793-801
The effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance on brain development have been studied extensively in animals. Much less is known about the relations between childhood experience and cognitive development in humans. Using a longitudinally collected data set with ecologically valid in-home measures of childhood experience and later in-laboratory behavioral measures of cognitive ability, we were able to test hypotheses concerning the effects of environmental stimulation and parental nurturance. A double dissociation was found: On the one hand, there was a selective relation between parental nurturance and memory development, consistent with the animal literature on maternal buffering of stress hormone effects on hippocampal development. On the other hand, there was a selective relation between environmental stimulation and language development. The relevance of these findings to socioeconomic gradients in cognitive ability is discussed. 相似文献
280.