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101.
Kathryn Dingman Boger Martha C Tompson Margaret J Briggs-Gowan Lauren Escott Pavlis Alice S Carter 《Journal of family psychology》2008,22(5):784-788
Expressed emotion (EE), an index of family member criticism and emotional overinvolvement, predicts outcome among adults and children with mental disorders. However, limited research exists on factors contributing to EE. Aims of the current study were to (a) examine EE in mothers of young children; (b) assess relationships between demographic factors and EE in a diverse sample; and (c) investigate whether family stress and functioning, including quality of marital relationship, life events, maternal stress, and family environment, predict EE. In the current study, 276 mothers completed questionnaires when their children were between 1 and 3 years of age and a measure of EE when their children were in kindergarten. Results indicated that family expressiveness was the most consistent predictor of EE. Further research seems warranted to better delineate associations between family functioning and EE. 相似文献
102.
Galek K Flannelly KJ Jacobs MR Barone JD 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2008,62(1-2):29-35
The current study explored gender differences regarding spirituality by comparing the relative frequency with which male (n = 85) and female (n = 103) professional chaplains experience various facets of the spiritual experience. The women in the sample reported experiencing five of the seven spiritual constructs examined significantly more often than men, including the need for (1) belonging, (2) meaning, (3) hope, (4) beauty, and (5) acceptance of death. No significant gender differences were found for spiritual needs related to morality concerns or religious practices. 相似文献
103.
Categorizing a person according to group membership (sexual orientation) attaches group stereotypes and behavioral expectations to that individual. For Study 1, students from New Mexico, United States (N?=?127) were asked to indicate the number of inconsistent behaviors it would take to change expectations about a categorized person. Study 1 revealed that sexual orientation is a hierarchically restrictive trait: for heterosexual targets, only a few inconsistent behaviors changed expectations, and for homosexual targets, many inconsistent behaviors did not change expectations. For Study 2, survey research (N?=?163) and path analyses revealed different patterns between male and female respondents for relationships between religiosity, attitudes toward homosexuals, attitudes toward sexuality, and the degree of hierarchical restrictiveness of sexual orientation. 相似文献
104.
This study examined significant others' expressed emotion (EE) and a closely related construct, perceived criticism, as predictors of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a sample of 40 patients with social phobia (social anxiety disorder). Patients enrolled in group therapy for social phobia completed pre- and post-treatment questionnaire measures of perceived criticism and anxious and depressive symptoms. Designated significant others were assessed for the components of high EE (criticism, hostility and emotional overinvolvement) using the Camberwell Family Interview. It was hypothesized that these high-EE components and patients' perceived criticism would be associated with poorer treatment outcome, and results ran counter to these expectations. Controlling for initial social phobia severity, lower levels of perceived criticism predicted treatment dropout. There was also a nonsignificant trend for participants with a significant other rated as high in emotional overinvolvement to show less change on a composite symptom measure. Findings from this study suggest that close relationships impact the outcome of cognitive-behavioral interventions for social phobia. 相似文献
105.
Memory recall has been proposed as a common and effective mood regulation strategy. Although several studies have presented results suggesting that recalling valenced memories affects subsequent mood, their designs allow for alternative interpretations of the observed effects. Two such alternatives include the reverse effect (mood effects on memory due to non-experimental assignment to memory recall condition) and demand characteristics of the experiment. We used covert experimental assignment to memory condition, asking subjects (N=314; 56% female) to recall memories that were primarily positive, neutral, or negative. Results showed the expected effect on mood (p<.002), with reported mood worst in the negative memory condition, better in the neutral condition, and best in the positive condition. These results suggest that valenced memory recall does indeed exert an effect on mood, and may do so even without the individual's awareness. 相似文献
106.
Teresa L. Kramer Dean Blevins Terri L. Miller Martha M. Phillips Vanessa Davis Billy Burris 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(1):123-139
While depression is a significant worldwide health problem, fewer than half of individuals seek care. Faith-based communities
may play an important role in improving the knowledge of and linkage to depression care. Focus groups of Caucasian and African-American
clergy were conducted to explore these issues. Using a grounded theory approach five themes emerged, including explanatory
models of depression, barriers and facilitators to care, and recommendations for involving religious communities. A model
of depression care pathways was constructed that integrates secular and spiritual approaches. The findings highlight the need
for targeted interventions to build trust between clergy and mental health professionals.
Teresa L. Kramer, Ph.D., is Chief Psychologist and Associate Professor of Psychiatry in the College of Medicine, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock. She has conducted research in child, adolescent and adult mental health assessment,
outcomes, and quality of care. Her current research on adolescent depression is funded through a Research Career Development
Award from the National Institute of Mental Health. She is currently developing faith-based programs to educate ministers
and their congregations about depression-related illness.
Dean Blevins, Ph.D., teaches in the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, at the university and is associated with
the Center for Mental Health & Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, and the South Central Mental
Illness, Research, and Clinical Center in Little Rock. Terri L. Miller, Ph.D., also teaches in the Department of Psychiatry.
Martha Phillips, Ph.D., is at the Department of Human Services in Little Rock.
Vanessa Davis and Billy Burris are employed at the Division of Behavioral Health Services, also in Little Rock. 相似文献
107.
Bruno Rossion Martha D. Kaiser Daniel Bub James W. Tanaka 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2009,3(1):69-78
A recent study published in this journal has shown an abnormal performance at discriminating differences with respect to the eyes of unfamiliar faces in two acquired prosopagnosic patients, but preserved processing of the mouth region. Here we extend these findings by showing a similar lack of sensitivity to the eyes in the very same face matching experiment for the prosopagnosic patient PS, who also showed normal performance for detecting differences in the mouth region. These results complement previously published evidence that the patient PS presents a lack of sensitivity to diagnostic information located on the eyes of familiar faces during individual face recognition tasks. More generally, they indicate that the impaired processing of the eyes of faces is a fundamental aspect of acquired prosopagnosia that can arise following damage to different brain localizations. 相似文献
108.
109.
This study of infant declarative memory concurrently examined brain-electrical activity and deferred imitation performance in 10-month-old infants. Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) measures were collected throughout the activity-matched baseline, encoding (modeling) and retrieval (delayed test) phases of a within-subjects deferred imitation task. Infants were divided into two memory performance groups based on the exhibition of ordered-recall after a 24-h delay. Whereas no group differences were found in EEG collected during encoding, performance-group differences in EEG were present during retrieval. Infants who successfully displayed ordered-recall showed a pattern of increasing EEG from baseline to task at anterior temporal scalp locations, whereas infants showing no ordered-recall displayed no changes in EEG from baseline to task. These findings are discussed with respect to the biobehavioral developments underlying declarative memory abilities. 相似文献
110.
Philip S. Wells Martha L. Louzada Monica Taljaard David R. Anderson Susan R. Kahn Nicole J. Langlois Julie Rutberg Michael J. Kovacs Marc A. Rodger 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(5):475-482
There is controversy whether asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and
thrombophilia should be screened, followed, and prescribed prophylaxis during risk periods. We recruited consecutive probands
with idiopathic VTE and thrombophilia from our thrombosis clinics. Those FDRs with thrombophilia were randomized in family
clusters to receive one-time verbal counseling and no organized follow-up or counseling, educational material, reminder aids
and follow-up. Only 203 of 1,129 FDRs were eligible and consented. Dropouts were common; 1 FDR (1.7%) developed VTE. VTE risk,
ability to treat and prevent were underestimated by the participants. Patients with VTE and thrombophilia and their FDRs are
often not interested in thrombophilia testing. Despite education to inform their knowledge, interest and follow-up were less
than ideal. The question of the best educational approach in these patients remains unanswered. The value of testing and following
asymptomatic carriers of probands with VTE and thrombophilia remains unknown. 相似文献