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91.
Recently arrived and settled Salvadoran refugees and Anglo-Canadians in London, Ontario were compared with respect to psychological distress, quality of life, and life satisfaction. A matched sample of 60 participants in each group completed a demographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, a shortened version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale in either English or Spanish. Significant group differences were obtained on measures of quality of life and life satisfaction, but not of psychological distress. The results are discussed in relation to findings with other refugee groups. 相似文献
92.
Interactions between sentence context and word frequencyinevent-related brainpotentials 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded as subjects silently read a set of unrelated sentences. The ERP responses elicited by open-class words were sorted according to word frequency and the ordinal position of the eliciting word within its sentence. We observed a strong inverse correlation between sentence position and the amplitude of the N400 component of the ERP. In addition, we found that less frequent words were associated with larger N400s than were more frequent words, but only if the eliciting words occurred early in their respective sentences. We take this interaction between sentence position and word frequency as evidence that frequency does not play a mandatory role in word recognition, but can be superseded by the contextual constraint provided by a sentence. 相似文献
93.
Recent visual evoked potential (VEP) studies suggest that during sustained voluntary attention, irrelevant or unattended visual stimuli may be filtered precortically. Testing of this hypothesis in humans requires knowledge of the origin of specific components of the VEP that are affected by selective attention. This study describes techniques and procedures for distinguishing between retinal and nonretinal components of VEPs recorded from electrodes placed strategically around the eyes and on the forehead. By visually stimulating one eye at a time while recording simultaneously from both, and by stimulating a given retinal area with the eyes fixated on the target at different angular deviations from the normal line of regard, components of the VEPs around the eyes can be distinguished as of retinal or nonretinal origin. The results are discussed in terms of volume conduction theory. 相似文献
94.
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from subjects as they silently read 160 different seven-word sentences, presented one word at a time. Each sentence was in itself a natural, meaningful phrase. Substantial intersubject variability was observed in the ERP waveshapes following the words. More than half of the subjects generated P3 components to word stimuli, but those who did showed similar responses to repeated control presentations of a single word. In addition, it was found that all but the first word in the sentence elicited an ERP with a significant left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the late positivity over temporo-parietal regions. The ERPs to the last words were associated with more late positivity than those to the preceding words. One quarter of the sentences, at random, ended with a word printed in a typeface that was different from that of the preceding words. This infrequent change in typeface elicited a complex ERP having three consistent late positive components. 相似文献
95.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by motor network disruption. Extra-motor manifestations including executive functions, social cognition, and behavioral changes are now well recognized as important features of ALS, and are associated with frontotemporal and frontostriatal network disruption. However, the presence and characterization of language changes has received less attention. This systematic review characterizes the profile of reported language dysfunction in ALS. PRISMA guidelines were implemented to carry out and report the review. Current evidence suggests that areas of neuroanatomical disruption in ALS spread to language centers such as posterior, inferior frontal and superior temporal areas leading to deficits in word retrieval, syntactic and grammatical processing, and spelling. However, the majority of studies of language in ALS have been limited by the recruitment of small clinic-based prevalent samples and important questions remain regarding the incidence and progression of language impairment in ALS. Further studies from population-based incident cohorts will help to determine the range of language deficits in ALS, and how these relate to previously defined executive and behavioral sub-phenotypes. 相似文献
96.
Ellen-Marie Forsberg Frank O. Anthun Sharon Bailey Giles Birchley Henriette Bout Carlo Casonato Gloria González Fuster Bert Heinrichs Serge Horbach Ingrid Skjæggestad Jacobsen Jacques Janssen Matthias Kaiser Inge Lerouge Barend van der Meulen Sarah de Rijcke Thomas Saretzki Margit Sutrop Marta Tazewell Krista Varantola Knut Jørgen Vie Hub Zwart Mira Zöller 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(4):1023-1034
This document presents the Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement: Working with Research Integrity—Guidance for research performing organisations. The aim of the statement is to complement existing instruments by focusing specifically on institutional responsibilities for strengthening integrity. It takes into account the daily challenges and organisational contexts of most researchers. The statement intends to make research integrity challenges recognisable from the work-floor perspective, providing concrete advice on organisational measures to strengthen integrity. The statement, which was concluded February 7th 2018, provides guidance on the following key issues:
相似文献
- § 1.Providing information about research integrity
- § 2.Providing education, training and mentoring
- § 3.Strengthening a research integrity culture
- § 4.Facilitating open dialogue
- § 5.Wise incentive management
- § 6.Implementing quality assurance procedures
- § 7.Improving the work environment and work satisfaction
- § 8.Increasing transparency of misconduct cases
- § 9.Opening up research
- § 10.Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels
- § 11.Protecting the alleged perpetrators
- § 12.Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson
- § 13.Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity
97.
Marta Matos Gonçalves Maria Salomé Pinho Mário R. Simões 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2018,25(2):290-317
We aimed to analyze the construct and concurrent validity of the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), Paired Associates Learning (PAL), Reaction Time (RTI), and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB®). Inclusion criteria were checked in a first session. The CANTAB and additional pencil-and-paper tests were administered within 1 week. The participants (aged 69–96 years) were 137 Portuguese adults without neuropsychiatric diagnoses and 37 adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Comparisons were made between the CANTAB tests and between these tests and the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Verbal Fluency (VF) test, and some Wechsler Memory Scale-III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III subtests. Most intra-test correlations were stronger than the CANTAB inter-test correlations. The RVP correlated more with VF animals (.44), the PAL with RCFT immediate recall (–.52), the RTI with RVP mean latency (.42), and the SWM with Spatial Span backward (–.39). 相似文献
98.
María J. Blanca Marta Ferragut Margarita Ortiz-Tallo Rebecca Bendayan 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2018,19(5):1247-1260
This study of Spanish early adolescents aimed to extend knowledge about the relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction (LS) and to explore gender differences in the prediction of LS. A sample of 457 adolescents aged 11–14 years completed questionnaires to assess LS and 24 character strengths. Results from simple correlation analysis showed that 18 strengths were positively and significantly correlated with LS, the highest coefficients being those for love, hope, authenticity and persistence. However, since strengths are inter-correlated, regression modelling was performed in order to determine which of these strengths are the best predictors of LS, and to identify any gender differences in this association. The results showed that love and hope were the most relevant strengths for predicting LS, with a positive relationship being observed for both girls and boys. This finding highlights the importance of positive thinking and of maintaining positive relationships during early adolescence. Gender differences were observed, however, for authenticity as a predictor of LS. Specifically, this variable made a significant contribution to the model in girls, for whom higher scores on authenticity were associated with greater LS. This result is interpreted in terms of gender differences in the timing of maturation. The findings help to further our understanding of the association between subjective well-being and character strengths in early adolescence, a critical stage of human development. In addition, the results suggest that intervention programmes based on character strengths in this developmental stage should mainly target the so-called ‘strengths of the heart’. 相似文献
99.
Małgorzata Stępień-Nycz Irmina Rostek Marta Białecka-Pikul Arkadiusz Białek 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(2):192-213
The main aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) adapted to Polish culture. Since temperament in toddlers was being observed in a laboratory, an external validity of the ECBQ was also provided. Kagan’s observational paradigm was used to test 215 18-month-old children. Their parents completed the ECBQ twice, when the children were 26 and 30 months old. The results showed good internal consistency and confirmed the longitudinal stability of the scale. The same three-factor solution was found in the structure of the scale as in the original American study. The convergence between the observational and parent report data supported the ECBQ’s external validity. Similarities in the structure of the scale observed between the Polish and American data are discussed from a cross-cultural perspective. The usefulness of the Polish ECBQ and the limitations of the obtained results are discussed. 相似文献
100.