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541.
Marshall D. Willman 《Dao》2009,8(4):439-455
It is sometimes argued that the study of grammar is irrelevant or unimportant in the business of comparative philosophy, or
that it ought to be avoided in favor of methods that presuppose a strongly pragmatic point of view. In this regard, some philosophers
have expressed skepticism about whether facts about grammar have anything to offer in the adjudication of competing theories
of interpretation or translation. This essay argues that a strongly pragmatic orientation in comparative philosophy invariably
overlooks an important role that the study of grammar can play in shedding light on the nature of intention and communicative
practice, and that an essential part of the methodology of comparative philosophy should involve a grammatical approach to
interpretation and translation. These points are supported by a semantical analysis of passages from Confucius’ Analects that clarifies the relationship between illocutionary force and grammatical mood. 相似文献
542.
Heather Mitchell Michael J. Zvolensky Erin C. Marshall Marcel O. Bonn-Miller Anka A. Vujanovic 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(4):277-288
The present investigation examined whether coping-oriented motives to use marijuana, as measured by the Marijuana Motives
Measure (MMM; Simons et al. in J. Couns. Psychol. 45:265–273, 1998), were uniquely related to affect-based psychological vulnerability
factors among marijuana users. Participants were 131 adult current marijuana users (72 women, M
age = 20.14, SD = 3.37 years). As hypothesized, after controlling for gender, cigarettes smoked per day, past 30-day marijuana
use, total years of marijuana use, and alcohol consumption, coping motives were significantly and incrementally related to
negative affect-based psychological vulnerability factors. No other marijuana use motives demonstrated a similar type of relationship
to the dependent variables, providing a high degree of explanatory specificity. These data suggest that coping-oriented motives
to use marijuana may be an important explanatory construct in better understanding marijuana and psychological vulnerability
relations. 相似文献
543.
Simon Marshall 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2007,51(5):319-324
We study the recently discovered phenomenon [Conder, M. D. E., & Slinko, A. M. (2004). A counterexample to Fishburn's conjecture. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48(6), 425-431] of existence of comparative probability orderings on finite sets that violate the Fishburn hypothesis [Fishburn, P. C. (1996). Finite linear qualitative probability. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 40, 64-77; Fishburn, P. C. (1997). Failure of cancellation conditions for additive linear orders. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 5, 353-365]—we call such orderings and the discrete cones associated with them extremal. Conder and Slinko constructed an extremal discrete cone on a set of n=7 elements and showed that no extremal cones exist on a set of n?6 elements. In this paper we construct an extremal cone on a finite set of prime cardinality p if p satisfies a certain number theoretical condition. This condition has been computationally checked to hold for 1725 of the 1842 primes between 132 and 16,000, hence for all these primes extremal cones exist. 相似文献
544.
James D. Marshall 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(2):97-109
In this paper I wish to comment upon the use of polemical argument in philosophy of education and education. Like Foucault,
I believe that a whole morality is at stake because polemical argument obfuscates the search for truth at the expense of truth
and the other’s veracity, integrity and dignity. The use of polemics is illustrated by two arguments. The first general argument
is taken from an attack upon Albert Camus by the British writer Colin Wilson. The second more particular example is taken
from attacks in New Zealand by the State Department of Education upon the educational ideas of the novelist and educator Sylvia
Ashton-Warner. Finally I discuss how polemics might be countered in education.
相似文献
James D. MarshallEmail: |
545.
There is now compelling evidence that sleep promotes the long-term consolidation of declarative and procedural memories. Behavioral studies suggest that sleep preferentially consolidates explicit aspects of these memories, which during encoding are possibly associated with activation in prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry. Hippocampus-dependent declarative memory benefits particularly from slow-wave sleep (SWS), whereas rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep seems to benefit procedural aspects of memory. Consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories relies on a dialog between the neocortex and hippocampus. Crucial features of this dialog are the neuronal reactivation of new memories in the hippocampus during SWS, which stimulates the redistribution of memory representations to neocortical networks; and the neocortical slow (<1Hz) oscillation that synchronizes hippocampal-to-neocortical information transfer to activity in other brain structures. 相似文献
546.
Krumhuber E Manstead AS Cosker D Marshall D Rosin PL Kappas A 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2007,7(4):730-735
Detecting cooperative partners in situations that have financial stakes is crucial to successful social exchange. The authors tested whether humans are sensitive to subtle facial dynamics of counterparts when deciding whether to trust and cooperate. Participants played a 2-person trust game before which the facial dynamics of the other player were manipulated using brief (<6 s) but highly realistic facial animations. Results showed that facial dynamics significantly influenced participants' (a) choice of with whom to play the game and (b) decisions to cooperate. It was also found that inferences about the other player's trustworthiness mediated these effects of facial dynamics on cooperative behavior. 相似文献
547.
Ian J. Deary Enrico Simonotto Alan Marshall Ian Marshall Nigel Goddard Joanna M. Wardlaw 《Intelligence》2001,29(6):382
Seven healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain while performing an inspection time task. Employing a block-type design, the task had three difficulty levels: a control condition, an easy (200 ms stimulus duration), and a more difficult (40 ms) discrimination. Based on group results, there were widespread significant areas of difference in brain activation and deactivation when pairwise comparisons were conducted among the three task conditions. When the difficult condition was compared with the easy condition, there was relative activation in areas of the following brain regions: cingulate gyrus and some frontal and parietal lobe areas. Areas within the following regions showed relative deactivation (greater blood oxygenation level-dependent, BOLD, signal in the easy condition): frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe. There were overlaps between these areas and those found to be active while performing higher cognitive tasks in other functional brain imaging studies. These pilot data encourage future studies of the functional anatomy of inspection time and its relevance to psychometric intelligence. 相似文献
548.
The present study involved data collection from 3 samples of Hong Kong managers to examine mechanisms by which age would relate to work well-being. A total of 634 managers was drawn by random sampling and purposive sampling methods. The results showed that age was positively related to well-being (job satisfaction and mental well-being). Furthermore, older managers reported fewer sources of stress, better coping, and a more internal locus of control. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the relations of age with 2 well-being indicators can be attributed to various combinations of coping, work locus of control, sources of stress, managerial level, and organizational tenure. 相似文献
549.
Colin Marshall 《European Journal of Philosophy》2017,25(4):1411-1433
It is well known that Kant claims that causal judgments, including judgments about forces, must have an a priori basis. It is less well known that Kant claims that we can perceive the repulsive force of bodies (their impenetrability) through the sense of touch. Together, these claims present an interpretive puzzle, since they appear to commit Kant to both affirming and denying that we can have perceptions of force. My first aim is to show that both sides of the puzzle have deep roots in Kant's philosophy. My second aim is to present three potential solutions to the puzzle and show that each faces problems. 相似文献
550.
Nathan Cross Jonathon Pye Ronald R. Grunstein Nathaniel Marshall Sharon L. Naismith 《Neuropsychology review》2017,27(4):389-402
Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have identified cognitive deficits in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, quantitative analysis of the association between OSA and neuropsychological performance has not been conducted specifically in older adults, for whom there is a greater risk of cognitive decline. We searched Medline, Embase and PsycINFO through August 2016 for studies describing associations between OSA and neuropsychological outcomes in people aged>50 years. Meta-analyses were performed on these studies for overall cognition and within cognitive domains. Subgroup analyses were performed taking into account risk of bias and moderating differences in study design. 13 studies met eligibility criteria for analysis. A small negative association was found between OSA and all neuropsychological outcomes combined, g=0.18(95% CI 0.04–0.32), and in memory and processing speed domains. Small case-control studies from sleep clinic populations observed the greatest associations, while larger cohort studies from community samples illustrated no association. Analysis accounting for publication bias resulted in a null overall association, g=0.02 (95%CI -0.12 to 0.16). Associations between OSA and cognition in later life are highly variable and the findings differ based on the type and setting of study. It appears some older adults may be at risk of cognitive impairments attributable to OSA; however, the risk of bias renders the evidence inconclusive. High quality research is warranted in clinically diagnosed OSA patients as well as those already experiencing neuropsychological impairment and who may be regarded at higher risk of further cognitive decline. 相似文献