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Zurif and Pi?ango (1999) claimed that they excluded the four agrammatic patients reported by Druks and Marshall (1991) from their review article because two of the patients were nonnative speakers of Hebrew and because the Hebrew sentences we used in our investigations were ungrammatical. In Druks and Marshall (1991) we have shown that the presence or the absence of a trace in two types of Hebrew passives had no effect on the patients' performance. Two patients, without comprehension deficits, performed equally well on both types of passives and two patients, with comprehension deficits, were equally impaired on both types. We remind Zurif and Pi?ango of our previous response to the claims of ungrammaticality of our materials (Druks & Marshall, 1992) and argue that there were no justifiable reasons for excluding these cases from the review. We also comment on Zurif and Pi?ango's (1999) and Grodzinsky's (2000) new proposal that the association of agrammatic comprehension should be with Broca's aphasia and not with agrammatism. 相似文献
205.
Julie Newman Kingery Cynthia A. Erdley Katherine C. Marshall Kyle G. Whitaker Tyson R. Reuter 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(1):91-128
Prior research indicates that both anxious youth and socially withdrawn youth tend to experience challenges and difficulties
in various aspects of their peer relationships and social functioning. While clinical psychology researchers have examined
how anxiety relates to peer experiences using normative and clinically anxious samples, developmental psychologists have focused
primarily on the peer experiences of shy and withdrawn children. Research from these two fields has progressed on related
yet separate paths, producing similar results despite using different terminology and assessment techniques. The purpose of
this review is to bring together the developmental and clinical bodies of literature on the peer experiences of anxious and
socially withdrawn youth by identifying common themes and unique contributions of each discipline. Studies reviewed focus
specifically on the peer constructs of acceptance, friendship, peer victimization, social skills, and social-cognitive processes.
Limitations including methodological inconsistencies and insufficient examination of age-, gender-, and ethnicity-related
issues are identified. Recommendations for future collaborations between developmental and clinical researchers as well as
implications for interventions targeting the peer relations of anxious and withdrawn youth are discussed. 相似文献
206.
Marshall G. Greenberg 《Psychometrika》1963,28(3):265-271
Three models for preference behavior are developed within the framework of Coombs' theory of data, an absolute difference model, a ratio model, and a two-stage model. Each of these models describes a mechanism by which unilateral preferences may be determined on a unidimensionalJ scale. Differential implications of the models for response latencies are derived, and some early data employing an application of the unfolding technique are presented in support of the two-stage model.Based upon portions of the author's doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, 1962. This research was supported in part by NSF Grant No. G5820 to Professor C. H. Coombs. The writer also wishes to thank Professor William Hays, who served as committee chairman and offered considerable support and assistance. 相似文献
207.
Marshall PA 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2005,26(6):529-557
In the field of bioethics, scholars have begun to consider carefully the impact of structural issues on global population
health, including socioeconomic and political factors influencing the disproportionate burden of disease throughout the world.
Human rights and social justice are key considerations for both population health and biomedical research. In this paper,
I will briefly explore approaches to human rights in bioethics and review guidelines for ethical conduct in international
health research, focusing specifically on health research conducted in resource-poor settings. I will demonstrate the potential
for addressing human rights considerations in international health research with special attention to the importance of collaborative
partnerships, capacity building, and respect for cultural traditions. Strengthening professional knowledge about international
research ethics increases awareness of ethical concerns associated with study design and informed consent among researchers
working in resource-poor settings. But this is not enough. Technological and financial resources are also necessary to build
capacity for local communities to ensure that research results are integrated into existing health systems. Problematic issues
surrounding the application of ethical guidelines in resource-poor settings are embedded in social history, cultural context,
and the global political economy. Resolving the moral complexities requires a commitment to engaged dialogue and action among investigators, funding agencies, policy makers, governmental institutions, and private industry. 相似文献
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This study presents a data set for a reference group on the Reitan-Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery for Young Children. The data set is based on a sample of 224 children, ages 5 to 8 years, referred to a special services cooperative for academic or behavioral concerns during the years 1980 through 1993. Data are presented in terms of sample size, means, standard deviations, diagnostic classifications, and population characteristics. Previously published data sets are reviewed in comparison to this newly acquired data set. Potential advantages of this data set include the larger sample, contemporary data collection, and a sample drawn from a United States school-referred population. 相似文献
210.
The advantages of using neural network methodology for the modeling of complex social science data are demonstrated, and neural network analysis is applied to Washington State Child Protective Services risk assessment data. Neural network modeling of the association between social worker overall assessment of risk and the 37 separate risk factors from the State of Washington Risk Assessment Matrix is shown to provide case classification results superior to linear or logistic multiple regression. The improvement in case prediction and classification accuracy is attributed to the superiority of neural networks for modeling nonlinear relationships between interacting variables; in this respect the mathematical framework of neural networks is a better approximation to the actual process of human decision making than linear, main effects regression. The implications of this modeling advantage for evaluating social science data within the framework of ecological theories are discussed. 相似文献