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91.
Marsha B. Jacobson 《Sex roles》1983,9(8):891-896
The results of two studies are reported which focus on people's attitude toward, and misconceptions about, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Study 1 found that when people are given the actual text of ERA, but not told what it is, they display more positive attitudes toward it than people who respond to the term “ERA” without being informed of its actual text. Study 2 found that people hold fewer misconceptions about, and more positive attitudes toward, ERA when they are informed of its actual text than when they are not. Strategy for ratification of ERA is discussed, as is the distinction between pro-ERA and anti-ERA misconceptions. 相似文献
92.
93.
Marsha B. Jacobson 《Sex roles》1981,7(3):247-255
Physical attractiveness of the victim and defendant in a rape case were varied along with sex of subject in a 2×2×2 factorial design. It was found that both the attractive defendant and the rapist of an unattractive victim were less likely to be seen as guilty and that the attractive defendant received a shorter recommended prison term than the unattractive defendant. Victim attractiveness had no effect on attributions of her degree of responsibility. Females were more likely to see the defendant as guilty and recommended longer prison terms than males. Results are discussed in terms of specificity of victim and defendant and the beauty is good stereotype. 相似文献
94.
Graham Rossiter 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》1999,4(2):207-224
This is the third in a series of articles in this journal which considers the shaping influence of film and television on children's spirituality (Rossiter, 1996, 1997). All three are framed within a particular conceptual scheme (discussed in detail in part 1) which sets out to promote theorizing (on the part of teachers and others interested in the question) about a range of possible psychological mechanisms through which film and television can have a spiritual and moral influence. The scheme is theoretical and pedagogical in focus; it is not directly concerned with research on causal links between the watching of film and television and children's thinking and behaviour. This article begins by concluding the discussion in part 2 on the potential influence of feature films and television. Then follows an exploration of the possible spiritual influence of television advertising. 相似文献
95.
Dennis H. Reid Marsha B. Parsons Carolyn W. Green Maureen M. Schepis 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(2):293-304
We evaluated the proficiency of the federal Medicaid program's survey process for evaluating intermediate care facilities for the mentally retarded. In Study 1, an observational analysis of active treatment during leisure times in living units suggested that these surveys did not discriminate between certified and noncertified units. In Study 2, a reactivity analysis of a survey indicated that direct-care staff performed differently during the survey by increasing interactions with clients and decreasing nonwork behavior. Similarly, results of Study 3 showed increases in client access to leisure materials during a survey. In Study 4, questionnaire results indicated considerable variability among service providers' opinions on the consistency, accuracy, and objectivity with which survey teams determine agency standard compliance. Results are discussed regarding effects of the questionable proficiency of survey processes and the potential utility of behavioral assessment methodologies to improve such processes. 相似文献
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97.
In one condition, subjects were made apprehensive by being threatened with shock and then were induced to publicly argue that they were not apprehensive about the situation. It was hypothesized that the subjects who were induced to advocate a position contrary to their feelings about the situation would experience dissonance. To reduce dissonance, these subjects were expected to redefine the situation as less threatening and thereby experience less apprehension regarding the situation than subjects in a control threat condition. Results of physiological measures and a postexperimental questionnaire supported the expectations. Implications of the study for psychotherapy were mentioned. 相似文献
98.
This paper reports the results of two experiments designed to investigate the effect of sex-role stereotypes on evaluations of authority figures. Female and male subjects read short accounts of various situations in which an authority figure confronted a subordinate who had transgressed in some way and then evaluated the authority figure on a variety of dimensions. Sex of the authority figure and of the subordinate were varied factorially. In Experiment 1, where the authority figure took a hard line with the transgressing subordinate, it was found that a female authority figure being firm with a male subordinate was evaluated most negatively. In Experiment 2, where the authority figure was lenient with the subordinate, it was found that a female authority figure being lenient with a female subordinate was evaluated most negatively. Implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
99.
The role of contextual (apparatus) cues upon baseline control groups in a fear-incubation procedure was examined. Using a suppression-of-licking measure, it was determined that infrahuman demonstrations of fear incubation have not clearly demonstrated an enhanced fear response (fear incubation) following brief unreinforced CS exposures. Adequate control for background apparatus exposures for the baseline-control group indicated that a facilitation of extinction for the no-CS-exposure group may, in fact, account for group differences. Results were interpreted within the context of existing theoretical models of fear extinction and incubation. 相似文献
100.
Male and female undergraduate raters made attributions of mental disorder, personality traits, and diagnostic and treatment judgments for four case studies in which sex of client and sex-role appropriateness of client behavior were manipulated. Significant interactions of sex-role appropriateness with both client sex and rater sex highlighted the significance of sex-role stereotypes in the attribution of mental disorder by nonprofessionals. The data indicated that these cultural sex-role definitions had the strongest negative effect for females and the female sex role. Implications of these findings for the clinical judgment process and female self-perception are discussed.The order of authorship was determined by random selection. 相似文献