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31.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pain and depression in night time and daytime functioning of individuals with lupus. A cross-sectional research design was used. Participants were recruited via a mail-out to members of the Lupus Australia Foundation and the Lupus Association of New South Wales. One hundred and fifty-four participants completed a questionnaire package consisting of a Lupus Medical and Symptoms Questionnaire designed by the researchers, the Cardiac Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that pain principally predicted levels of sleep disturbance, whilst depression and pain (to a lesser extent) together predicted daytime dysfunction. The present results suggested the need for more adequate pain management, particularly at night and psychological interventions to decrease levels of depression that interfere with daily functioning in individuals with lupus. 相似文献
32.
Cindy H. P. Sit Koenraad J. Lindner Michael J. Apter Grégory Michel Richard Mallows 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(1):71-87
The Motivational Style Profile for Children (MSP-C) was designed to measure the dominances, orientations and saliences of
motivational states in children. The results of reliability testing and factor analysis followed by parallel analysis of the
50-item, 25-paired, and 15-paired versions for cultural samples suggests the MSP-C may be a viable and reliable instrument
for the measurement of motivational characteristics of children between 9 and 15 years of age. Significant cultural differences
in motivational characteristics were found, in that Hong Kong children were more telic-, arousal avoiding-, and mastery-dominant
compared to the British and French children, suggesting the predominant influence of the Chinese Confucian values. Future
research is recommended to test the psychometric properties of the 15-paired version of the measure for different cultural
samples. 相似文献
33.
This study investigated depressed mood post-acute coronary syndrome in an Australian sample using the Cardiac Depression Visual Analogue Scale (CD-VAS), which was developed to assess the depression-related symptoms of reduced pleasure, memory, activity, future pessimism, increased irritation and sleep problems. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Cardiac Depression Scale (CDS) and a demographic medical questionnaire were administered at 2 weeks post-ACS to an initial sample of 13 female and 45 male participants whose mean age was 59.16 (SD=11.13) years (range 38-79). Depressed and non-depressed participants, determined by the CDS, then kept a CD-VAS diary between 2 and 12 weeks. 32 participants kept the diary for the entire 10 weeks. Total CD-VAS scores remained elevated in the depressed group for the entire period. The groups differed on the Pleasure, Memory and Future items for a total of 6, 6 and 5 weeks, respectively, and differed on the Activity item only at 1, 3 and 5 weeks. No group differences were seen in the Irritation or Sleep items. Within the depressed group, the only CD-VAS items that differed from each other across time were Irritation and Activity. Further, the Sleep, Irritation and Activity items had a significant time effect. These results indicate that although overall depression, as measured by the CD-VAS, remained elevated in the depressed group, there were key differences in recovery rates of specific depression-related symptoms. These differences could be useful indicators in the treatment of depression post-ACS. 相似文献
34.
Benjamin Strobel Simon Grund Marlit Annalena Lindner 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(1):95-108
In educational research, interesting but irrelevant materials are often considered seductive details, which are suspected to have detrimental effects on learning. Although seductive details have been mostly examined in the context of text comprehension, such elements are also used in graphs (e.g., depicting data points). In the present experiment, we investigated both seductive text and seductive pictures in the context of graph comprehension as well as the interaction of seductive details with spatial working memory capacity (SWMC). We recorded N = 68 students' eye movements, while they analyzed bar graphs in a within‐subject design. Data were analyzed with linear mixed‐effects models. Results show that seductive details did not affect students' graph reading performance but prolonged the task processing time. Eye‐fixation measures revealed that additional processing time was best explained by attention distraction towards the seductive material. SWMC did not affect the presence or the extent of the seductive details effect. 相似文献
35.
Marjorie Lindner Gunnoe & Kristin A. Moore 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2002,41(4):613-622
Predictors of youth religiosity were developed from eight domains: childhood training, religious schooling, cognitive ability, psychodynamic need, parenting style, role models, family life cycle, and background demographics. Data are from the National Survey of Children (NSC). Predictors were assessed when participants were 7–11 and 11–16 years of age. Religiosity was assessed when participants were 17–22 years (N = 1,046). After identifying the best predictors within a domain, an across-domain regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors' relative contributions. The best predictors of youth religiosity were ethnicity and peers' church attendance during high school. Other predictors were, in order of decreasing magnitude: residence in the south, gender, religious schooling during childhood, maternal religiosity, church attendance during childhood, the importance mothers placed on childhood religious training, and an interaction variable identifying religious mothers who were very supportive. These analyses attest to the primacy of religious role models in the development of youth religiosity. 相似文献
36.
In the present research, we investigated the relation between changes in students’ state self-control capacity and their motivational test-taking effort over the course of an achievement test. Thereby, we considered trait self-control as a major predictor of achievement-related behavior as a covariate. N?=?1840 apprentices repeatedly rated their state self-control capacity and the test-taking effort they invested while working on a 140-min achievement test in mathematics and science. Using growth curve analyses, our results revealed correlated decreases in state self-control capacity and the test-taking effort invested over the course of the test. Furthermore, we found that trait self-control helped to keep state self-control capacity and test-taking effort at a higher level over the course of the test. Our results support the assumption of the process model of self-control that waning self-control capacity is reflected in reduced motivational effort. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that self-control might play a crucial role in students’ test-taking behavior in large-scale assessment studies. By modeling changes in state self-control capacity and effort investment while considering trait self-control, we provide an alternative approach for investigating self-control-dependent processes and the underlying mechanisms of self-control in achievement situations. 相似文献
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38.
Mental image generation is a complex process mediated by dynamically interrelated components, e.g. image generation and image
enrichment of details. This study investigated the cognitive and neural correlates of sequential image generation. An event-related
fMRI experiment was carried out in which general and specific images had to be generated sequentially in two different positions.
Participants had to generate either a general image first and then a specific one or a specific image first and then a general
one, in response to the same word-stimulus. Generation times showed that specific images took shorter to be produced if they
had been preceded by the generation of a general image. The fMRI results showed that position of generation and type of image
was associated with different patterns of neurofunctional change. When an image was generated as first, areas of activation
were found in the parahippocampal, fusiform and occipital regions. These are areas associated with memory retrieval and visual
processing. When an image was generated as second, significant activations were found in superior temporal and precuneus areas,
brain structures that are involved in the storage of visual memory for object shapes and imagery, respectively. The generation
of a general image was supported by frontal areas and by the precuneus. The generation of a specific image involved frontal
and thalamic areas (structures associated with visual processing of details) and the posterior cingulate cortex. When shifting
from a specific image to a general one, a higher level of activity was found in the middle frontal gyrus involved in global
visuo-spatial processing, suggesting that the generation of specific images required the retrieval of an object’s global shape.
Altogether, these data suggest that the sequential generation of different types of image is associated with discrete processes
but also shares common cognitive and neural components. 相似文献
39.
William J. McGeown Giuliana Mazzoni Annalena Venneri Irving Kirsch 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(4):848-855
The ‘default mode’ network refers to cortical areas that are active in the absence of goal-directed activity. In previous studies, decreased activity in the ‘default mode’ has always been associated with increased activation in task-relevant areas. We show that the induction of hypnosis can reduce anterior default mode activity during rest without increasing activity in other cortical regions. We assessed brain activation patterns of high and low suggestible people while resting in the fMRI scanner and while engaged in visual tasks, in and out of hypnosis. High suggestible participants in hypnosis showed decreased brain activity in the anterior parts of the default mode circuit. In low suggestible people, hypnotic induction produced no detectable changes in these regions, but instead deactivated areas involved in alertness. The findings indicate that hypnotic induction creates a distinctive and unique pattern of brain activation in highly suggestible subjects. 相似文献
40.