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31.
Douglas L. Hintzman Jeffery J. Summers Norman T. Eki Marlene D. Moore 《Memory & cognition》1975,3(5):576-580
Three experiments were done to test the hypothesis that the spacing effect results from a voluntary decision by the subject to pay little attention to the second presentation (P2) of an item when it occurs shortly after the first (P1)- In all three experiments, the spacing of repetitions was varied. In Experiment I, allocation of attention was manipulated by pairing P2 of some pictures with a signal that indicated high payoff for later retention. In Experiment II, attention was controlled more directly by requiring the subject, in one condition, to recite words aloud. In both experiments, the dependent variable was judged frequency. In neither experiment did the effect of the attention manipulation interact with that of the spacing of repetitions. In Experiment III, the number of eye fixations given a picture was taken to be a measure of attention. The number of fixations dropped from P1 to P2 to P3, but was unaffected by the spacing of repetitions. The experiments provide no support for a voluntary attention explanation of the spacing effect. 相似文献
32.
E. James Kehoe Lloyd J. Frei Robert W. Tait I. Gormezano 《Behavior research methods》1975,7(2):183-186
Economical microprocessor-based computers have been recently developed by Motorola and Control Logic, Inc. Apparently, in response to the price competition, DEC has introduced the PDP-8/A, incorporating the memory characteristics of the microprocessor-based computers. Relative to older minicomputers, the microprocessor-based systems and the PDP-8/A “miniprocessor” require more time to execute an experimentally useful task. However, their real-time operating characteristics would appear to be sufficient for on-line use in behavioral control and data acquisition. The PDP-8/A’s compatibility with older models of the PDP-8 series enables it to use previously developed software, but, for purposes of software development, the microprocessor systems offer a more powerful architecture and instruction set. 相似文献
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In an era of specialty medicine, genetic counselors are becoming increasingly focused in their service provision. The Alpha-1
Association Genetic Counseling Program, established in September 2007, specializes in confidential toll-free genetic counseling
provided by a certified genetic counselor for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency, a co-dominant condition associated with lung
and/or liver disease. The program received more than 600 callers in its first 2 years. Sixty-seven percent of new callers
were family members, carriers, or health professionals. The number of callers increased between the first 2 years, with the
greatest increases being family members and health professionals. Testing options and explanation of results encompassed 60%
of initial reasons for calls. Seventy-two percent of referrals came from family and friends, test result letters, and the
Alpha-1 Association. Between year 1 and 2 family member referrals showed the largest increase. This disease-specific genetic
counseling program provides a model that may be useful for other rare disease communities. 相似文献
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Taube-Schiff M Suvak MK Antony MM Bieling PJ McCabe RE 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(4):687-698
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for Social Phobia is effective in both group and individual formats. However, the impact of group processes on treatment efficacy remains relatively unexplored. In this study we examined group cohesion ratings made by individuals at the midpoint and endpoint of CBT groups for social phobia. Symptom measures were also completed at the beginning and end of treatment. We found that cohesion ratings significantly increased over the course of the group and were associated with improvement over time in social anxiety symptoms, as well as improvement on measures of general anxiety, depression, and functional impairment. In conclusion, findings are consistent with the idea that changes in group cohesion are related to social anxiety symptom reduction and, therefore, speak to the importance of nonspecific therapeutic factors in treatment outcome. 相似文献
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Alcoholism results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, and is linked to brain defects and associated
cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impairments. A confluence of findings from neuroimaging, physiological, neuropathological,
and neuropsychological studies of alcoholics indicate that the frontal lobes, limbic system, and cerebellum are particularly
vulnerable to damage and dysfunction. An integrative approach employing a variety of neuroscientific technologies is essential
for recognizing the interconnectivity of the different functional systems affected by alcoholism. In that way, relevant experimental
techniques can be applied to assist in determining the degree to which abstinence and treatment contribute to the reversal
of atrophy and dysfunction. 相似文献