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Determining the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis is probably the most crucial decision when conducting the analysis as it clearly influences the meaningfulness of the results (i.e., factorial validity). A new method called the Factor Forest that combines data simulation and machine learning has been developed recently. This method based on simulated data reached very high accuracy for multivariate normal data, but it has not yet been tested with ordinal data. Hence, in this simulation study, we evaluated the Factor Forest with ordinal data based on different numbers of categories (2–6 categories) and compared it to common factor retention criteria. It showed higher overall accuracy for all types of ordinal data than all common factor retention criteria that were used for comparison (Parallel Analysis, Comparison Data, the Empirical Kaiser Criterion and the Kaiser Guttman Rule). The results indicate that the Factor Forest is applicable to ordinal data with at least five categories (typical scale in questionnaire research) in the majority of conditions and to binary or ordinal data based on items with less categories when the sample size is large. 相似文献
134.
Stephanie Lichtenfeld Markus A. Maier Vanessa L. Buechner Andrew J. Elliot 《创造力研究杂志》2018,30(3):305-309
This research examined an important applied question: whether viewing ambient green (relative to red) on the wall of a workspace would facilitate creativity. A methodologically sound experiment revealed no influence of green on creativity. Care must be taken when interpreting a null result, but these data do not provide support for the presence of a relation between ambient green and creativity. This research also highlights the need for more research in the area of ambient color and psychological functioning, and the need for caution regarding the tendency to move to real-world recommendations before a firm empirical base is established. 相似文献
135.
People accept conclusions of valid conditional inferences (e.g., if p then q, p therefore q) less, the more disablers (circumstances that prevent q to happen although p is true) exist. We investigated whether rules that through their phrasing exclude disablers evoke higher acceptance ratings than rules that do not exclude disablers. In three experiments we re-phrased content-rich conditionals from the literature as either universal or existential rules and embedded these rules in Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens inferences. In Experiments 2 and 3, we also used abstract rules. The acceptance of conclusions increased when the rule was phrased with “all” instead of “some” and the number of disablers had a higher impact on existential rules than on universal rules. Further, the effect of quantifier was more pronounced for abstract rules and when tested within subjects. We discuss the relevance of phrasing, quantifiers and knowledge on reasoning. 相似文献
136.
Robert Steinhauser Robert Wirth Wilfried Kunde Markus Janczyk Marco Steinhauser 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(6):1159-1171
In the present study, we considered error-related brain activity in event-related potentials, to investigate the relationship between error monitoring—that is, the detection and evaluation of erroneous responses—and action effect monitoring—that is, monitoring of the sensory consequences of behavior. To this end, participants worked on a task-switching paradigm that consisted of a free-choice task, in which a puzzle piece had to be attached to an existing one (the prime task), and a subsequent color flanker task (the probe task). We examined whether unexpected action effects in the prime task would affect the subsequent error monitoring in the probe task. We found the neural correlates of error monitoring during the probe task, the error-related negativity as well as the error positivity, to be increased after unexpected action effects in the prime task. In contrast, the neural correlates of visual attention were decreased after unexpected action effects, in line with recent findings on an attenuation of sensory processing after errors. Our results demonstrate a direct link between monitoring processes in the two tasks. We propose that both error monitoring and action effect monitoring rely on a common generic monitoring system related to novelty detection or affective processing. Preactivating this system by means of unexpected action effects increases the sensitivity for detecting an error in the subsequent task. 相似文献
137.
Markus Martini Caroline Martini Thomas Maran Pierre Sachse 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2018,30(5-6):558-569
Recent work shows that post-encoding wakeful rest, in contrast to a cognitive task delay period, supports memory performance. The present study aimed at investigating whether study time modulates the impact of post-encoding rest on delayed memory performance. Healthy young adults were allocated to one of two “study time” groups (fixed-paced vs. self-paced). Participants encoded two word lists. After immediate recall of one word list, participants wakefully rested for 8?min, after the other, they performed a visual problem solving task. A delayed recall took place at the end of the experimental session (Experiment 1) and again after 7 days (Experiment 1?+?2). We found that participants in the self-paced group outperformed those in the fixed-paced group. In Experiment 1, participants showed higher memory performances after 7 days in the resting condition independent of study time. No significant differences between post-encoding (rest vs. problem solving) and study time conditions were found in Experiment 2. Combined analyses of both experiments revealed that an additional recall (Experiment 1) supported memory retention in both post-encoding conditions. Our findings suggest that resting is beneficial over the long term, but only when the encoded information is repeatedly retrieved at the end of a learning session. 相似文献
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Emotions have long been seen as counteracting rational thought, but over the last decades, they have been viewed as adaptive
processes to optimize human (but also animal) behaviour. In particular, positive affect appears to be a functional aspect
of emotions closely related to that. We argue that positive affect as understood in Kuhl’s PSI model of the human cognitive
architecture appears to have an interpretation in state-of-the-art hybrid robot control architectures, which might help tackle
some open questions in the field. 相似文献
140.
Diego Augusto Santos Silva Markus Vinicius Nahas Thiago Ferreira de Sousa Giovâni Firpo Del Duca Karen Glazer Peres 《Body image》2011,8(4):427-431
We investigated the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) and associated factors in Florianopolis, Brazil. BID was analyzed in a sample (N = 1720) of adults through the Figure Rating Scale. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and morbidities. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used. More men (14.2%) than women (6.1%) presented BID by being lighter than ideal (LI). Conversely, more women (66.6%) than men (46.3%) showed BID by being heavier than ideal (HI). BID by being HI was higher among older women, those with high BMI and those with a partner. In men, lower BMI and the presence of common mental disorders were associated with BID due to being LI. Advanced ages, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, and obesity were associated with BID due to being HI. We must consider different public health interventions for men and women to reduce BID in Brazilian adults. 相似文献