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151.
Niedenthal PM Brauer M Robin L Innes-Ker AH 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2002,82(3):419-433
Adult attachment orientation has been associated with specific patterns of emotion regulation. The present research examined the effects of attachment orientation on the perceptual processing of emotional stimuli. Experimental participants played computerized movies of faces that expressed happiness, sadness, and anger. Over the course of the movies, the facial expressions became neutral. Participants reported the frame at which the initial expression no longer appeared on the face. Under conditions of no distress (Study 1), fearfully attached individuals saw the offset of both happiness and anger earlier, and preoccupied and dismissive individuals later, than the securely attached individuals. Under conditions of distress (Study 2), insecurely attached individuals perceived the offset of negative facial expressions as occurring later than did the secure individuals, and fearfully attached individuals saw the offset later than either of the other insecure groups. The mechanisms underlying the effects are considered. 相似文献
152.
Rethinking individualism and collectivism: evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses 总被引:41,自引:0,他引:41
Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism-collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IND-COL on self-concept, well-being, cognition, and relationality. European Americans were found to be both more individualistic-valuing personal independence more-and less collectivistic-feeling duty to in-groups less-than others. However, European Americans were not more individualistic than African Americans, or Latinos, and not less collectivistic than Japanese or Koreans. Among Asians, only Chinese showed large effects, being both less individualistic and more collectivistic. Moderate IND-COL effects were found on self-concept and relationality, and large effects were found on attribution and cognitive style. 相似文献
153.
Ullsperger M Bylsma LM Botvinick MM 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(4):467-472
Analyses of trial sequences in flanker tasks have revealed cognitive adaptation, reflected in a reduced interference effect
following incompatible trials (Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1992). These effects have been explained on the basis of the response
conflict monitoring model of Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, and Cohen (2001), who proposed that preceding response conflict
triggers stronger topdown control, leading to performance improvements on subsequent trials of similar context. A recent study
(Mayr, Awh, & Laurey, 2003) has challenged this account, suggesting that the behavioral adaptations are confined to trial
sequences of exact trial repetitions and can therefore be explained by repetition priming. Here, we present two experiments
in which the sequential dependency effect was present even on trial sequences that did not involve stimulus repeats. We discuss
the data with respect to the conflict-monitoring and repetition-priming accounts. 相似文献
154.
In order to investigate whether syllable frequency effects in visual word recognition can be attributed to phonologically or orthographically defined syllables, we designed one experiment that allowed six critical comparisons. Whereas only a weak effect was obtained when both orthographic and phonological syllable frequency were conjointly manipulated in Comparison 1, robust effects for phonological and null effects for orthographic syllable frequency were found in Comparisons 2 and 3. Comparisons 4 and 5 showed that the syllable frequency effect does not result from a confound with the frequency of letter or phoneme clusters at the beginning of words. The syllable frequency effect was shown to diminish with increasing word frequency in Comparison 6. These results suggest that visually presented polysyllabic words are parsed into phonologically defined syllables during visual word recognition. Materials and links may be accessed at www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
155.
156.
Color and Psychological Functioning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT— Color is a ubiquitous perceptual experience, yet little scientific information about the influence of color on affect, cognition, and behavior is available. Accordingly, we have developed a general model of color and psychological functioning, which we present in this article. We also describe a hypothesis derived from this model regarding the influence of red in achievement contexts. In addition, we report a series of experiments demonstrating that a brief glimpse of red evokes avoidance motivation and undermines intellectual performance, and that it has these effects without conscious awareness or intention. We close with thoughts on the need for rigorous scientific work on color psychology. 相似文献
157.
Towards single-trial analysis in cognitive brain research 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
158.
Three studies examined models of education among American Indian (AI), Asian American (AA), and European American (EA) students.
Cultural models of education are patterns of ideas and practices relevant to schools, teachers, and self that mediate and
regulate behavior in the academic domain. In study 1, mainstream university students (N = 148) and AI University students (N = 187) viewed education as a tool for success. AI, however, generated more mentions of education as a tool for community
success and more negative associations to education. Study 2 (N = 166) showed that AI, in contrast to EA and AA, placed family and community concerns ahead of academic concerns. In Study
3 (N = 118), AI and AA endorsed independent and interdependent representations of self, while EA endorsed only independent representations.
For AI and AA, but not for EA, interdependent representations were positively related to trust for teacher. 相似文献
159.
160.
J.L. Schellenberg’s Argument from Divine Hiddenness maintains that if a perfectly loving God exists, then there is no non-resistant
non-belief. Given that such nonbelief exists, however, it follows that there is no perfectly loving God. To support the conditional
claim, Schellenberg presents conceptual and analogical considerations, which we subject to critical scrutiny. We also evaluate
Schellenberg’s claim that the belief that God exists is logically necessary for entering into a relationship with the Divine. Finally, we turn to possible variants
of Schellenberg’s case, and argue that the modifications necessary to accommodate our criticismas leave those variants with
much less of a sting than originally suggested by his provocative formulation. 相似文献