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281.
Andrew J Levine Charles H Hinkin Sarah Marion Allison Keuning Steven A Castellon Mona M Lam Marta Robinet Douglas Longshore Thomas Newton Hector Myers Ramani S Durvasula 《Health psychology》2006,25(3):329-335
Controversy remains regarding the reliability of methods used to determine adherence to antiretroviral medication in HIV. In this study the authors compared adherence rates of 119 HIV-positive participants during a 6-month study, as estimated via electronic monitoring (EM) and self-report (SR). Adherence for both short (4-day) and long (4-week, or intervisit) periods was examined, as well as factors that underlie discrepancies between EM and SR. Results showed that intervisit EM estimates were consistently lower than those of SR. SR estimates based on shorter periods (4 days) were closer to those of EM. Higher discrepancies between EM and SR estimates were associated with lower cognitive functioning and externalized locus of control. These findings lend support for using both EM and SR methods; however, study design (e.g., length) and other factors (e.g., cognitive status, cost) should be considered. 相似文献
282.
Marion Luyat Edouard Gentaz Tony Regia Corte Michel Guerraz 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2001,63(3):541-554
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of body and head tilts on the haptic oblique effect. This effect reflects the more accurate processing of vertical and horizontal orientations, relative to oblique orientations. Body or head tilts lead to a mismatch between egocentric and gravitational axes and indicate whether the haptic oblique effect is defined in an egocentric or a gravitational reference frame. The ability to reproduce principal (vertical and horizontal) and oblique orientations was studied in upright and tilted postures. Moreover, by controlling the deviation of the haptic subjective vertical provoked by postural tilt, the possible role of a subjective gravitational reference frame was tested. Results showed that the haptic reproduction of orientations was strongly affected by both the position of the body (Experiment 1) and the position of the head (Experiment 2). In particular, the classical haptic oblique effect observed in the upright posture disappeared in tilted conditions, mainly because of a decrease in the accuracy of the vertical and horizontal settings. The subjective vertical appeared to be the orientation reproduced the most accurately. These results suggest that the haptic oblique effect is not purely gravitationally or egocentrically defined but, rather, depends on a subjective gravitational reference frame that is tilted in a direction opposite to that of the head in tilted postures (Experiment 3). 相似文献
283.
Continental Philosophy Review - René Girard’s breakthrough consists in uncovering the mechanism of violence, namely the mimesis and rivalry it permits. Yet, mimetic violence still leaves... 相似文献
284.
Jean-Luc Marion 《Modern Theology》2002,18(2):145-152
Marion here provides a philosophical/exegetical reflection on the Emmaus episode (Luke 24:13–25) with a view to debunking (as both inane and blasphemous) a widely entertained understanding of faith as "a deficit of intuition"—something which has to be "added" to human powers "to compensate faulty intuition". Rather, Marion argues that faith is not so much required in order to recapture a lack in intuition but more a proper response in the face of an excess of intuition in relation to "a deficiency of statements and a dearth of concepts". 相似文献
285.
286.
Newborns, a few hours after birth, already encounter many different faces, talking or silently moving. How do they process these faces and which cues are important in early face recognition? In a series of six experiments, newborns were familiarized with an unfamiliar face in different contexts (photographs, talking, silently moving, and with only external movements of the head with speech sound). At test, they saw the familiar and a new faces either in photographs, silently moving, or talking. A novelty preference was evidenced at test when photographs were presented in the two phases. This result supports those already evidenced in several studies. A familiarity preference appeared only when the face was seen talking in the familiarization phase and in a photograph or talking again at test. This suggests that the simultaneous presence of speech sound, and rigid and nonrigid movements present in a talking face enhances recognition of interactive faces at birth. 相似文献
287.
288.
Myring J Beckett W Jassi R Roberts T Sayers R Scotcher D McAllister M 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(4):404-417
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common recessive condition affecting the White British population. Facilitating reproductive
decision making for couples at genetic risk for CF is an important aspect of genetic counseling practice in the UK. The purpose
of this study was to explore the reproductive decision making process for 31 members of CF carrier couples (15 men and 16
women) with or without an affected child. The design involved a qualitative approach consisting of semi-structured interviews
and data analysis informed by grounded theory methodology. Sex and personal experience of CF were identified as factors that
may influence reproductive decision making. Findings suggest these hypotheses: (1) CF carrier couples who have an affected
child/pregnancy, are more likely to embark on another pregnancy than couples who have a healthy child from an at-risk pregnancy,
and (2) men and women play different roles in the reproductive decision making process. Data analysis resulted in development
of a structured framework modeling the reproductive decision making process, which may be helpful in guiding genetic counseling
with CF carrier couples and other at risk couples making reproductive decisions. 相似文献
289.
Adult chimpanzees produce a unique vocal signal, the pant-grunt, when encountering higher-ranking group members. The behaviour is typically directed to a specific receiver and has thus been interpreted as a 'greeting' signal. The alpha male obtains a large share of these calls, followed by the other adult males of the group. In this study, we describe the development of pant-grunting behaviour from the first grunt-like calls of newborn babies to the fully developed pant-grunts in adults. Although babies produce grunts from very early on, they are not directed to others until about 2 months of age. Subsequently, socially directed grunting steadily increases in frequency to peak around 7 months of age, but then decreases again to reach a nadir in older infants and juveniles, while the specificity in use increases. During adolescence, grunt production increases again with grunts given most frequently to socially relevant individuals. As young chimpanzees are closely affiliated to their mothers for the first decade of their lives, we also compared the grunting patterns of mothers and their offspring, which revealed some influences in pant-grunt production. In conclusion, the acquisition of pant-grunting behaviour in chimpanzees is a long-lasting process with distinct developmental phases in which social influences by the mother and other group members are likely to play a role. 相似文献
290.
Esther M. Leerkes A. Nayena Blankson Marion O'Brien Susan D. Calkins Stuart Marcovitch 《Infant and child development》2011,20(6):353-370
Using a sample of 263 mother–child dyads, we examined the extent to which maternal emotional and cognitive support during a joint problem‐solving task when children were 3‐years‐old predicted children's academic skills 1 year later independent of each other, the quality of the home learning environment, and maternal emotional responsiveness. When all parenting measures were examined simultaneously, only maternal emotional support during problem solving and the quality of the home learning environment predicted unique variation in gains in pre‐academic skills from 3 to 4 years of age. The positive effect of emotional support during problem solving was especially apparent for children whose pre‐academic skills were low at the age of 3 years. These findings are discussed in light of the changing demands placed on young children and their parents as they prepare for entry to the formal school system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献