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151.
Brett Laursen William M. Bukowski Jari-Eri Nurmi Donna Marion Katariina Salmela-Aro Noona Kiuru 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,106(4):240-256
This study examines variability in patterns of peer group antipathy. Same-grade adolescent peer groups were identified from sociometric nominations of preferred affiliates in a community sample of 600 Finnish ninth-grade middle school students (mean age = 15.0 years). Hierarchical linear modeling determined characteristics of youths in actor groups (nominators) that predicted antipathy for youths in target groups (nominatees) on the basis of target group characteristics. Most antipathies were based on dissimilarity between groups representing the mainstream culture and groups opposed to it. The higher a peer group’s school burnout, the more its members disliked students in peer groups with higher school grades and students in peer groups with higher sports participation. Conversely, the higher a peer group’s school grades, the more its members disliked students in peer groups with higher school burnout. Students in peer groups with less problem behavior disliked students in peer groups with more problem behavior. There was some evidence of rivalry within the mainstream culture: The higher a group’s school grades, the more its members disliked groups whose members participated in sports. 相似文献
152.
Klaus G. Melchers Martin Kleinmann Marion A. Prinz 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(3):329-341
It has been suggested that the large cognitive demands during the observation of assessment center (AC) participants can impair the quality of the assessors' ratings. An aspect that is especially relevant in this regard is the number of candidates that assessors have to observe simultaneously during group discussions, which are one of the most commonly used AC exercises. The present research evaluated potential impairments of the quality of the assessors' ratings (construct‐ and criterion‐related validity and rating accuracy) related to the number of to‐be‐observed candidates. Study 1 (N=1046) was a quasi‐experimental field study and Study 2 (N=71) was an experimental laboratory study. Both studies found significant impairments of assessors' rating quality when a larger in comparison to a lower number of candidates had to be observed simultaneously. These results suggest that assessors should not have to observe too many candidates at the same time during AC group discussions. 相似文献
153.
Paola Marion 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2016,97(3):641-664
The topic of sexuality and infantile sexuality, though less frequently discussed by psychoanalysis in recent decades, has received renewed attention for some years. The intention of this paper is to share some reflections around the role of infantile sexuality in our thinking, how we encounter it in our work with patients and in clinical material. Through reference to questions put forward by Freud (1905) in Three Essays, this paper takes into consideration some areas of the debate that has developed on the subject of infantile sexuality, starting from Freud's original intuition, including various hypotheses on the genesis of the sexual drive. The author will concentrate on two specific points. Firstly, how infantile sexuality – as a permanent dimension of the subject's existence – unfolds in the relationship and is deeply influenced by it. And that is how in childhood and adolescence, infantile sexuality ushers in parental sexuality – just as, in the case of our patients, infantile sexuality ushers in the analyst's sexuality. The second point pertains to the temporal dimension within which infantile sexuality is inscribed. The hypothesis that the author proposes is that infantile sexuality may be understood in the specific time of psychoanalysis [Nachträglichkeit], distinct and different with respect to the linear, evolutionary dimension. 相似文献
154.
Marion Godman 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2015,93(3):491-508
I argue that there is a tension between the claim that at least some kinds in the special sciences are multiply realized and the claim that the reason why kinds are prized by science is that they enter into a variety of different empirical generalizations. Nevertheless, I show that this tension ceases in the case of ‘cultural homologues’—such as specific ideologies, religions, and folk wisdom. I argue that the instances of such special science kinds do have several projectable properties in common due to their shared history of reproduction, and that the social learning involved means that we should also expect these kinds to be multiply realized. 相似文献
155.
156.
Marion Bowman 《Religion》2013,43(2):147-156
This paper, based largely upon fieldwork in Glastonbury, gives an overview of some of the beliefs and speculations about Celts and Druids which are now circulating in certain New Age circles. In addition to some innovative ideas, elements of this new received wisdom are redolent of the antiquarian speculation of the 18th century. However, ‘Celticity’ is now being regarded by New Agers primarily as a quality rather than a matter of historical or geographical fact, and the Celts, with their enlightened priests the Druids, have become the Noble Savages of Britain. 相似文献
157.
Helen Pluut Marion Büttgen Jan Ullrich 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):777-792
ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional field study examines the influence of employee and spousal characteristics on employees’ career-related motivations in dual ladder systems. We go beyond “constraints-based” explanations of spousal influence and focus on the degree to which the spouse has aspirations for the focal employee’s career – referred to as spousal career aspirations. Using a dyadic study design, we tested a model that specifies the influence of both partners’ career salience and materialism on an employee’s motivation for a particular career path: as manager or technical specialist. According to survey responses from a matched sample of 207 employees and their spouses, the spouse’s career salience and materialism (the latter only for women) were associated with higher levels of spousal career aspirations. In turn, those employees whose spouses aspired for them to have a career were less motivated to obtain a specialist position. Employees’ own career salience was positively associated with their motivation for a managerial position and, in combination with high levels of spousal career aspirations, pulled employees away from a career on the technical ladder. Our results shed light on the family-relatedness of career decisions and have notable implications for dual ladder organizations. 相似文献
158.
This article presents a developmental account of changes in the visual guidance of locomotion. In contrast to the impressive efficiency of adult locomotion, locomotor activity is not under prospective control at the onset of human mobility. Infants require extensive crawling and walking experience before responding adaptively to variations in the terrain. At the same time that they are learning to navigate in increasingly varied environments, their bodies and skills are rapidly changing. Learning generalizes from safe, flat ground to novel surfaces but it does not transfer to new methods of locomotion. We account for these patterns of generality and specificity of learning by focusing on the role of exploratory behavior in detecting threats to balance control. 相似文献
159.
Abstract Three studies investigating differences in people's appraisals of worry and anxiety situations are presented. First, data from a study by Reisenzein & Spielhofer (1994) were reanalyzed. Second, two further studies were conducted to replicate the findings of the reanalysis and to explore whether any additional appraisal dimensions were relevant for a differentiation of worry and anxiety situations. In sum, results showed that appraisals associated with situations in which worry and anxiety were experienced differed on eight appraisal dimensions. Compared to experiences of anxiety, experiences of worry were more often associated with positive self-evaluation, positive social-relationship evaluation, feelings of closeness, and sentiments of importance, and less often associated with feelings of inferiority. Moreover, in worry experiences, focus was often not on the self, but on other persons. Finally, with respect to temporal dimensions, worry situations were less often associated with notions of suddenness and momentariness than anxiety situations. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to models of emotional appraisal and research on worry and generalized anxiety disorder. 相似文献
160.