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221.
Ramirez-Quintana Juan A. Rangel-Gonzalez Raul Chacon-Murguia Mario I. Ramirez-Alonso Graciela 《Cognitive processing》2022,23(1):27-40
Cognitive Processing - Scene analysis in video sequences is a complex task for a computer vision system. Several schemes have been addressed in this analysis, such as deep learning networks or... 相似文献
222.
Marco Innamorati David Lester Michela Balsamo Denise Erbuto Federica Ricci Mario Amore Paolo Girardi Maurizio Pompili 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2014,36(2):300-307
The aim of the present study was to assess the factor structure of the Italian version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in a large sample of patients with medical conditions, comparing four different models proposed previously in the literature. Participants were 514 Italian adult patients with diagnoses of chronic daily headache, type 1 (insulin-dependent) or type 2 diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, open-angle glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and women admitted for childbirth to a Department of Fetal–Maternal Medicine. All the patients were administered the BHS during routine visits. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to compare four models using several fit indices. The one-construct two-method model (i.e., the BHS measures one substantive hopelessness construct plus artifacts due to negative–positive item polarity) had the best fit indices and was more parsimonious than other models. The BHS seems to be a unidimensional measure of hopelessness, although there may be artifacts due to item polarity (i.e., positively and negatively worded items). Hopelessness scores differed in patients with particular medical diseases, with higher scores in conditions such as chronic daily headache and diabetes, and lower scores in patients positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and with open-angle glaucoma or epilepsy. 相似文献
223.
Patrick Bruns Mario Maiworm Brigitte Röder 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2014,76(6):1815-1827
In order to determine the spatial location of an object that is simultaneously seen and heard, the brain assigns higher weights to the sensory inputs that provide the most reliable information. For example, in the well-known ventriloquism effect, the perceived location of a sound is shifted toward the location of a concurrent but spatially misaligned visual stimulus. This perceptual illusion can be explained by the usually much higher spatial resolution of the visual system as compared to the auditory system. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this cross-modal binding process is not fully automatic, but can be modulated by emotional learning. Here we tested whether cross-modal binding is similarly affected by motivational factors, as exemplified by reward expectancy. Participants received a monetary reward for precise and accurate localization of brief auditory stimuli. Auditory stimuli were accompanied by task-irrelevant, spatially misaligned visual stimuli. Thus, the participants’ motivational goal of maximizing their reward was put in conflict with the spatial bias of auditory localization induced by the ventriloquist situation. Crucially, the amounts of expected reward differed between the two hemifields. As compared to the hemifield associated with a low reward, the ventriloquism effect was reduced in the high-reward hemifield. This finding suggests that reward expectations modulate cross-modal binding processes, possibly mediated via cognitive control mechanisms. The motivational significance of the stimulus material, thus, constitutes an important factor that needs to be considered in the study of top-down influences on multisensory integration. 相似文献
224.
Predicting employees' satisfaction and burnout from managers' attachment and caregiving orientations
Sigalit Ronen Mario Mikulincer 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(6):828-849
In recent years, there have been initial attempts to apply attachment theory to account for leader–follower relationships and leaders' contribution to followers' performance. Drawing on this theoretical framework, we examined the relationships between managers' attachment orientations and subordinates' job satisfaction and burnout. Data were collected from 85 work groups from 71 organizations consisting of 483 subordinates and their 85 direct managers from a variety of job roles. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses indicated that managers' attachment insecurities predicted higher job burnout and lower job satisfaction among subordinates, and that ineffective caring orientation of the managers mediated these links. Findings further showed that subordinates' attachment insecurities were associated with burnout and job dissatisfaction. Implications for leadership research and for the design of organizational intervention as well as future research directions are discussed. 相似文献
225.
Mario Gollwitzer Tobias Rothmund Philipp Süssenbach 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2013,7(7):415-426
A large body of research has demonstrated that people who are habitually sensitive towards victimization tend to behave uncooperatively and immorally in socially uncertain situations. The “Sensitivity to Mean Intentions” (SeMI) model (Gollwitzer & Rothmund 2009) aims at describing social‐cognitive mechanisms that underlie and explain this effect. The model posits that in socially uncertain situations, victim‐sensitive individuals are asymmetrically sensitive to cues of untrustworthiness. When such cues are present, suspicious cognitive and motivational reactions are triggered in victim‐sensitive individuals, and they behave preemptively selfish to avoid being exploited by others. Although functional at times, victim sensitivity does have dysfunctional side effects. The present article reviews recent findings regarding the SeMI model and sketches potential avenues for future research. 相似文献
226.
Spencer C. Evans Geoffrey M. Reed Michael C. Roberts Patricia Esparza Ann D. Watts João Mendonça Correia Pierre Ritchie Mario Maj Shekhar Saxena 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(3):177-193
This study examined psychologists' views and practices regarding diagnostic classification systems for mental and behavioral disorders so as to inform the development of the ICD‐11 by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO and the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) conducted a multilingual survey of 2155 psychologists from 23 countries, recruited through their national psychological associations. Sixty percent of global psychologists routinely used a formal classification system, with ICD‐10 used most frequently by 51% and DSM‐IV by 44%. Psychologists viewed informing treatment decisions and facilitating communication as the most important purposes of classification, and preferred flexible diagnostic guidelines to strict criteria. Clinicians favorably evaluated most diagnostic categories, but identified a number of problematic diagnoses. Substantial percentages reported problems with crosscultural applicability and cultural bias, especially among psychologists outside the USA and Europe. Findings underscore the priority of clinical utility and professional and cultural differences in international psychology. Implications for ICD‐11 development and dissemination are discussed. 相似文献
227.
Mario Rendon 《International Forum of Psychoanalysis》2013,22(1):16-17
Abstract Medicine, psychology, and psychiatry are not only modes of scientific knowledge or professional practice, but also means of social control that participate in regulating behavior. The “re-pathologizing” of psychiatry during the past 25 years bears witness to an anthropological mutation that reduces the human being to the sum of his or her conduct. In order to get to this “medico-economic” civilization of the subject, postmodern psychiatry has needed to deconstruct and reconstruct its normative landscape for the benefit of “fickle” notions and “behavioral disorders,” at the expense of the concept of “psychological suffering.” 相似文献
228.
Renato Pisanti Maria Pia Gagliardi Simona Razzino Mario Bertini 《Psychology & health》2013,28(4):523-536
As a part of a larger cross-cultural investigation (Euroteach) which involves 11 European countries and 2 182 secondary school teachers, two were the aims of the present study: (1) to examine the relationship between job conditions and wellness/health outcomes on a group of 169 Italian secondary school teachers, by using the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) Model (Karasek and Theorell, <citeref rid="bib24">1990</citeref>); (2) to analyse the differences with other European countries in the light of specific cultural differences. Controlling for age and gender, results of hierarchical regression indicated that job control and social support combine in different additive patterns with job demands to explain the well-being outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, somatic complaints). The predictor's linearity check indicated that the job demands variable is curvilinearly associated both with emotional exhaustion ( p<0.005) and with somatic symptoms ( p<0.01). As compared to the average of the other European countries, on the positive side, the Italian teachers manifest both a higher degree of personal accomplishment and a lesser degree of depersonalisation; on the other hand, they claim a lesser degree of social support and a higher degree of somatic complaints. 相似文献
229.
Dr. Mario Erdheim 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2010,26(3):211-225
The psychological dimension of an institution comprises the conscious and unconscious experiences of its members. This article analyzes from the standpoint of an “advocatus diaboli” processes effecting that institutions often do not fulfill the tasks for which they were created. Freud developed in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego a scarcely noticed model of “two psychologies” in institutions: depending on whether the individual is positioned “at the top” or “at the bottom”, it develops a psychology of a group member or one of a leader. Both may be transformed into each other. In the present article the author examines both the renunciation of power imposed on the “group individuals” and its consequences for the individual, and the effects of hierarchical advancement on the mind. As examples for the interrelations of violence, castration and law psychoanalytic and state institutions (bureaucracies) are presented. 相似文献
230.
Carmelo Mario Vicario Davide Martino Felice Spata Giovanni Defazio Roberta Giacchè Vito Martino Gaetano Rappo Anna Maria Pepi Paola Rosaria Silvestri Francesco Cardona 《Brain and cognition》2010