Feminism and women analysts     

Marina Prado A.S. 《American journal of psychoanalysis》1976,36(1):79-84

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Ersilia Menesini  Annalaura Nocentini  Marina Camodeca 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2013,31(1):1-14

The aim of the present study was to investigate moral aspects and human values in traditional bullying and cyberbullying, in order to detect differences between the two types of bullying and to test the role of immoral and disengaged behaviours in mediating the relationships between personal values and involvement in bullying. Sample comprised 390 adolescents aged 14–18, balanced for gender, attending different high schools. Traditional and cyberbullying were detected by means of two self‐report measures, while the Portrait Values Questionnaire was used to assess 10 values in four dimensions according to the value system model by Schwartz (1992): self‐trascendence, self‐enhancement, openness to change, and conservation. Finally, immoral and disengaged behaviours were assessed by means of five items about behavioural and personal aspects salient for morality. Results showed that, irrespective of gender, self‐enhancement and self‐trascendence moderately predicted cyber and traditional bullying, respectively, while immoral and disengaged behaviours predicted both. Indirect effects showed that self‐enhancement and openness to change predicted both forms of bullying through immoral behaviour. Results are discussed in terms of similarities and differences between cyber and traditional bullying and with attention to the central role of morality in explaining bullying nature.  相似文献   

    

Maraike A. Coenen;Hendriekje Eggink;Martje E. van Egmond;D. L. Marinus Oterdoom;J. Marc C. van Dijk;Teus van Laar;Jacoba M. Spikman;Marina A. J. Tijssen; 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2024,18(Z1):8-18

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the internal globus pallidus (GPi) is a recognized treatment for medication-refractory dystonia. Problems in executive functions and social cognition can be part of dystonia phenotypes. The impact of pallidal DBS on cognition appears limited, but not all cognitive domains have been investigated yet. In the present study, we compare cognition before and after GPi DBS. Seventeen patients with dystonia of various aetiology completed pre- and post-DBS assessment (mean age 51 years; range 20–70 years). Neuropsychological assessment covered intelligence, verbal memory, attention and processing speed, executive functioning, social cognition, language and a depression questionnaire. Pre-DBS scores were compared with a healthy control group matched for age, gender and education, or with normative data. Patients were of average intelligence but performed significantly poorer than healthy peers on tests for planning and for information processing speed. Otherwise, they were cognitively unimpaired, including social cognition. DBS did not change the baseline neuropsychological scores. We confirmed previous reports of executive dysfunctions in adult dystonia patients with no significant influence of DBS on cognitive functioning in these patients. Pre-DBS neuropsychological assessments appear useful as they support clinicians in counselling their patients. Decisions about post-DBS neuropsychological evaluations should be made on a case-by-case basis.  相似文献   

    

Lukas J. Wolf  Vlad Costin  Marina Iosifyan  Sapphira R. Thorne  Alexander Nolan  Colin Foad  Elspeth Webb  Johan Karremans  Geoffrey Haddock  Gregory R. Maio 《Journal of personality》2024,92(2):601-619

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Adam O. Hill PhD  Teddy Cook Cert IV  Ruth McNair PhD  Natalie Amos PhD  Marina Carman BA MA  Ellis Hartland BA  PostGradDip  Anthony Lyons PhD  Adam Bourne PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2023,53(2):320-333

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Derry Taylor  Erik Gustafsson  Guillaume Dezecache  Marina Davila-Ross 《Developmental science》2023,26(3):e13334

Directedness and engagement during pre-verbal vocal communication play a major role in language development. What was their role in the evolution of language? This question invites us to examine these behaviours in chimpanzee vocal ontogeny. We collected observational data on infant (N = 15) and juvenile (N = 13) chimpanzees at Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage, Zambia. We examined the impact of age and vocalization type (grunts, whimpers, laughs and screams) on directed cues (gaze directedness and face directedness) and engagement (mutual face directedness) during vocal communication. We also assessed the impact of directed cues and engagement on social interactions by coding the behaviour of social partners before, during and after a vocalisation, and examining whether they contingently changed their behaviour in response to the vocalisation if it was directed or if engagement occurred. We found that face directed vocalisations showed a general increase during ontogeny and we observed call-type dependent effects of age for mutual face directedness. Only face directed vocalisations were significantly predictive of behavioural responses in social partners. We conclude that like young humans, young chimpanzees routinely exhibit directed behaviours and engagement during vocal communication. This social competency improves during ontogeny and benefits individuals by increasing the chances of eliciting behavioural responses from social partners. Directedness and engagement likely provide a foundation for language phylogenetically, as well as ontogenetically.

Research Highlights

• We show that directedness and engagement routinely occur during early chimpanzee vocalisations.
• Directedness increases throughout chimpanzee vocal ontogeny, similar to human infants.
• Directedness enhances social partner responsiveness, demonstrating a direct benefit to this style of communication.
• Directedness and engagement could provide a route towards language phylogenetically as well as ontogenetically.

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Lisa Thomson Ross  Stephen D. Short  Marina Garofano 《The Journal of psychology》2016,150(8):976-1003

Experiencing unpredictability in the environment has a variety of negative outcomes. However, these are difficult to ascertain due to the lack of a psychometrically sound measure of unpredictability beliefs. This article summarizes the development of the Scale of Unpredictability Beliefs (SUB), which assesses perceptions about unpredictability in one's life, in other people, and in the world. In Study I, college students (N = 305) responded to 68 potential items as well as other scales. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three internally consistent subscales (Self, People, and World; 16 items total). Higher SUB scores correlated with more childhood family unpredictability, greater likelihood of parental alcohol abuse, stronger causal uncertainty, and lower self-efficacy. In Study II, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor solution (N = 186 college students). SUB scores correlated with personality, childhood family unpredictability, and control beliefs. In most instances the SUB predicted family unpredictability and control beliefs beyond existing unpredictability measures. Study III confirmed the factor structure and replicated family unpredictability associations in an adult sample (N = 483). This article provides preliminary support for this new multi-dimensional, self-report assessment of unpredictability beliefs, and ideas for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Alessandro Della Puppa  Serena De Pellegrin  Elena Salillas  Alberto Grego  Anna Lazzarini  Antonino Vallesi  Marina Saladini  Carlo Semenza 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2015,9(2):330-335

All electrostimulation studies on arithmetic have so far solely reported general errors. Nonetheless, a classification of the errors during stimulation can inform us about underlying arithmetic processes. The present electrostimulation study was performed in a case of left parietal glioma. The patient's erroneous responses suggested that calculation was mainly applied for addition and a combination of retrieval and calculation was mainly applied for multiplication. The findings of the present single‐case study encourage follow up with further data collection with the same paradigm.  相似文献   

    

Luke Kachersky  Sankar Sen  Hyeong Min Kim  Marina Carnevale 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(10):643-649

Using both a lab experiment and actual transaction data, we investigated whether and how incidental similarities (e.g., shared letters between buyer and seller's name) might influence buyer behavior. Particularly, while prior work suggests that consumers generally prefer incidental similarity, we use the context of Internet auctions to show that this preference reverses when prices are high. Under these conditions, buyers avoid incidentally similar sellers. We speculate that this effect is tied to individuals' motive to self‐protect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Marina Pignatelli 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2016,15(2):228-245

All world religions are trans-local and transcultural and have been long before or after the thalassocracy of colonial empires took shape and moulded ethnic-religious affiliations, and Judaism is no exception. This paper is focused on the religious identities and practices of the Jews in Maputo, their perceptions of belonging and constraints of integration. It relies on an inter-subjective multi-situated ethnography and tries to reason on the ways Judaism, with its unique message, meant to be spread to all peoples and claiming its own truth and forms of allegiance and identification, assumes a new significance in complex contexts like Mozambique demanding negotiations between differently empowered agents in the present in order to achieve a constructive harmonization between the global and the local forms of Judaism.  相似文献