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131.
Marilyn Charles Ph.D. ABPP 《Psychoanalytic Inquiry》2013,33(2):105-115
Groups develop standards to facilitate their function and yet the standards that evolve are not always in line with the explicit task of the group. Group pressures and anxieties can move towards relief of strain in ways that may actually oppose the group's intended goals. The larger the group, the more difficult it may be to catch hold of relatively invisible coercive forces that guide behaviour. As Bion (1977) notes, group pressures tend to move towards cohesion and tradition, and away from the new idea that ultimately might be productive but would also be disregulating. Although clinicians learn about tensions between the individual and the group from a theoretical perspective, engaging with these tensions actively and reflectively can enhance both our understanding and our practice, as we discover ways in which we are buffeted by and at times succumb to these same processes. As a way of considering some of the more subtle ways in which we may find ourselves behaving out of line with our own integrity in relation to encounters with implicit group demands, I will use some of my own experiences in a group setting to highlight and illustrate some of these coercive forces that may work against the integration of new ideas in group settings. 相似文献
132.
133.
Jong-Hyo Park Robert D. Enright Marilyn J. Essex Carolyn Zahn-Waxler John S. Klatt 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2013
We investigated an intervention designed to help female aggressive victims improve their levels of psychological and school adjustment. Adolescent aggressive victims are youth who demonstrate heightened levels of aggressive behavior and are frequently victimized by others. A program focused on the psychology of forgiveness was implemented and tested against both an alternative skillstreaming program and a no-treatment control group. Forty-eight female adolescent aggressive victims in South Korea (age 12 to 21 years) were recruited from a middle school and a juvenile correctional facility. Participants were randomly assigned to groups. Both forgiveness and skillstreaming interventions were implemented in a small-group format for 12 weeks. Participants in the forgiveness group reported significant decreases in anger, hostile attribution, aggression, and delinquency at post-test and follow-up; they also reported significant increases in empathy at post-test and follow-up and grades at post-test. We discuss implications for the psychological development of adolescent aggressive victims. 相似文献
134.
Marilyn Hamilton 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2):107-126
This article explores a metaview of the many faces of homelessness. It analyzes an evolutionary meaning of home and suggests that ever-complexifying life conditions influence how societies enforce conformity to the status quo of homefulness. It goes on to describe how homelessness might be reframed as a complex adaptive form of survival for diversity generators who cannot or will not conform to the status quo. The article proposes an integral framework on which intervention strategies could be structured to provide evolutionary, appropriate, and flexible approaches to homelessness. 相似文献
135.
Leslie Vaughan Chandramallika Basak Marilyn Hartman Paul Verhaeghen 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(6):703-724
ABSTRACT Two experiments used the N-Back task to test for age differences in working memory inside and outside the focus of attention. Manipulations of the difficulty of item-context binding (Experiment 1) and of stimulus feature binding (Experiment 2) were used to create conditions that varied in their demand on working memory, with the expectation that greater demand might increase age differences in focus-switching costs and the search rate outside the focus of attention. Results showed, however, that although age differences were evident in measures of overall speed and accuracy, and the manipulations significantly affected response times and accuracy in the expected direction, the experimental manipulations had no impact on age differences. Findings instead pointed to age-related reductions in accuracy but not speed of focus-switching and search outside the focus of attention. Thus, age-related deficits appear to involve the availability of representations in working memory, but not their accessibility. 相似文献
136.
The perceptual distortion of height was examined in a group of American male and female college student volunteers (n = 139). A message which announced either good or bad news was delivered by a familiar or unfamiliar person who was either male or female. After hearing the message, the students were asked to estimate the height of the communicator. Additionally, the variables of self-esteem and independence of judgment were measured. Results indicated that familiarity with the message source (p <.0025) as well as sex of the communicator (p <.024) were predictors of the perceptual distortion of height, but message valence was not. Neither self-esteem nor independence of judgment was functionally related to the proclivity to distort the heights of the communicators. 相似文献
137.
Marilyn Friedman 《The Journal of value inquiry》2013,47(3):271-284
138.
In order to investigate the effects of a difficult vs. easier task on state-trait anxiety in emotionally disturbed children (N = 30 boys and girls), older (mean age 12.81) and younger (mean age 9.89) groups were exposed to two lists of nonsense syllables, varying on meaningfulness (0% vs. 100%) with measures of A-State and A-Trait anxiety being obtained during a no-stress period and immediately after each list. The results indicated that the younger group did not show any difference in A-State following the two lists, while the older group showed significantly more A-State increase following the difficult list. Results were discussed in terms of previous research, and in terms of possible explanations for the differences between the reactions of the older and younger children. 相似文献
139.
Differences in emotional expressiveness between males and females have generally been attributed to sex-role socialization, but most studies have not included measures of sex-role orientation. We hypothesized that sex role would be a more salient factor than sex and that androgynous and feminine persons would be more expressive than masculine and undifferentiated individuals. Data were gathered from 230 college students using Bem's (1975) Sex-Role Inventory and Balswick's (1975) Expression of Emotion Scale. Both hypotheses were supported. 相似文献
140.
Paul T. Giblin Marilyn L. Poland John B. Waller Jr. Joel W. Ager 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):505-514
The association of maternal characteristics, family resources, and receipt of prenatal care with parenting behaviors observed in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; n = 383) was assessed. The parenting behavior of mothers not receiving prenatal care (n = 128) was compared to that of mothers of the preceding and subsequent admissions (n = 256) by retrospective chart review. Parenting variables included frequency of visits to the NICU and evaluative ratings of parents' involvement with their infant. Parenting of the no-prenatal-care group was significantly less favorable than the control on all comparisons. Factor analysis supported a priori grouping of parenting variables. A stepwise multiple regression of maternal and family characteristics to the factor-derived variable, parenting, showed significant contributions for prenatal drug use and father involvement. Pediatric interventions assessing maternal social and behavioral characteristics are proposed. 相似文献