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921.
Castellino N Bosco FM Marshall WL Marshall LE Veglia F 《Consciousness and cognition》2011,20(4):1612-1624
The paper aims to assess the theory of mind (ToM) of sexual offenders. We administered to 21 sexual offenders and to 21 nonoffenders two classical first- and second-order ToM tasks, a selection of six Strange Stories, and a semi-structured interview, the Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s), which provides a multi-dimensional evaluation of ToM, investigating first- vs. third-person and egocentric vs. allocentric perspectives. Results show that sexual offenders performed worse than controls on second-order ToM tasks, on Strange Stories and on each of the Th.o.m.a.s dimensions, whereas they did as well as the control group on first-order ToM tasks. A detailed analysis of participants’ performance on Th.o.m.a.s. showed that sex offenders performed worse on the third-person than on the first-person ToM scale, and worse on the allocentric than on the egocentric perspective; these findings did not apply to the controls. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed. 相似文献
922.
Talking reduces attention resulting in real-world crash risks to drivers that talk on a phone and drive. Driving is a behavior
that is very demanding on spatial attention, suggesting potentially large interference by spatial codes in language. The current
study investigated how different types of verbal codes influence visual attention during dual-task performance. In two experiments,
participants performed a spatial or non-spatial verbal task while simultaneously performing a visual attention task. The results
showed a larger decrement to visual attention performance when participants were concurrently engaged in a spatial verbal
task. The results of the second experiment isolated this effect to the right cerebral hemisphere, consistent with a role for
shared right parietal resources. These results are consistent with the idea that processing codes are an important component
of coordinating talking and driving but generally inconsistent with a broad class of bottleneck approaches that describes
dual-task decrements but treats component tasks as cognitively equivalent. 相似文献
923.
This article presents some quantitative findings from a survey of 89 psychoanalysts (all members of the American Psychoanalytic Association or the International Psychoanalytical Association) about their own experiences in analysis. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to collect retrospective data about (1) how participants felt they benefited from their analyses and (2) how they remembered their analysts’ technique, personality, and style of relating. A correlational analysis found that, according to our participants’ ratings, the most beneficial analyses were associated with having a caring and emotionally engaged analyst who possessed positive relational and personality qualities, used supportive techniques in addition to classical techniques, and pursued therapeutic as well as analytic goals. Outcomes rated as successful were also associated with experiencing a good ‘fit’, a good working relationship, and a positive therapeutic alliance. Our results support the call for an expanded view of acceptable analytic technique (e.g. Schacter and Kächele, 2007) . 相似文献
924.
Marilyn McCord Adams 《Philosophia》2011,39(3):433-447
Julian of Norwich emphasizes God’s eternal and unchanging love for humankind. Her visions show how God is not angry with our
sins and so has no need to forgive us. God does not shame or blame us but excuses us and plans how to reward and compensate
us for sin. In relation to Mother Jesus, we remain dear lovely children who need help, correction, and education. Although
these remarks suggest to some that Julian must be “soft” on sin, that she has no adequate appreciation of the worthiness of
God or the dignity of human nature, I argue that this is far from the case. On the contrary, she makes Divine worthiness axiomatic
and urges readers to live into it. She relocates human dignity not in its intrinsic value but in our centrality to God’s plan.
She measures the seriousness of sin in terms of the “real hard work” it takes to rear us up out of it: crucifixion for Christ,
the hell of being a sinner and the crucifixion of life-long penance for us. Nevertheless, the brightness of her visions dominates
with her assurance that despite the sin-produced sufferings of this present life, all will be well. 相似文献
925.
Binder S Baier PC Mölle M Inostroza M Born J Marshall L 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2012,97(2):213-219
The positive impact of sleep on memory consolidation has been shown for human subjects in numerous studies, but there is still sparse knowledge on this topic in rats, one of the most prominent model species in neuroscience research. Here, we examined the role of sleep in the object-place recognition task, a task closely comparable to tasks typically applied for testing human declarative memory: It is a one-trial task, hippocampus-dependent, not stressful and can be repeated within the same animal. A test session consisted of the Sample trial, followed by a 2-h retention interval and a Test trial, the latter examining the memory the rat had for the places of two objects presented at the Sample trial. In Experiment 1, each rat was tested twice, with the retention interval taking place either in the morning or evening, i.e., in the inactive or active phase, respectively. Rats showed significantly (p<0.01) better memory for object place after the Morning session. To control for confounding circadian factors, in Experiment 2 rats were tested four times, i.e., in the morning or in the evening while sleep was or was not deprived. Sleep during the retention interval was recorded polysomnographically. Rats only showed significant memory for the target object place in the Test trial after the Morning retention interval in the absence of sleep deprivation, and recognition performance in this condition was significantly superior to that in the three other conditions (p<0.05). EEG recordings during spontaneous morning sleep revealed increased slow oscillation (0.85-2.0 Hz) and upper delta (2.0-4.0 Hz), but reduced spindle band (10.5-13.5 Hz) activity, as compared to evening sleep. However, spindle band power was increased in the Morning retention interval in comparison to a Morning Baseline period (p<0.05). We conclude that consolidation of object-place memory depends on sleep, and presumably requires NonREM sleep rich in both slow wave and spindle activity. 相似文献
926.
Catherine Tellides Jaffee Marilyn Fitzpatrick Martin Drapeau Robert Bracewell Martha Chamodraka Nadia Marini 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2012,12(4):257-266
Introduction: Previous transference studies have compared in‐session client narratives about significant others to in‐session client narratives about the therapist, limiting data to the information that clients are willing to share with the therapist. Method: The first three sessions of 30 therapies with high‐functioning individuals were examined using the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method. Client narratives about others were drawn from the psychotherapy sessions and client narratives about the therapist were drawn from a Participant Critical Event (PCE) interview conducted after the third session of therapy. Results: Factor analyses of the CCRT components indicated several relational patterns: a complementary pattern of relating characterised by a devaluation of the therapist and idealisation of others; a concordant relational transfer where clients feel bad with both the therapist and others; and as clients experience control issues with significant others, they wish to adopt a submissive stance toward the therapist. The results suggest that the source of therapist narratives may influence the results of transference research. 相似文献
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