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981.
Linnea R. Burk Jeffrey M. Armstrong Jong-Hyo Park Carolyn Zahn-Waxler Marjorie H. Klein Marilyn J. Essex 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(2):225-238
Aggressive victims—children who are both perpetrators and victims of peer aggression—experience greater concurrent mental
health problems and impairments than children who are only aggressive or only victimized. The stability of early identified
aggressive victim status has not been evaluated due to the fact that most studies of aggressor/victim subgroups have focused
on preadolescents and/or adolescents. Further, whether children who exhibit early and persistent patterns of aggression and
victimization continue to experience greater mental health problems and functional impairments through the transition to adolescence
is not known. This study followed 344 children (180 girls) previously identified as socially adjusted, victims, aggressors,
or aggressive victims at Grade 1 (Burk et al. 2008) to investigate their involvement in peer bullying through Grade 5. The children, their mothers, and teachers reported on
children’s involvement in peer aggression and victimization at Grades 1, 3, and 5; and reported on internalizing symptoms,
externalizing symptoms, inattention and impulsivity, as well as academic functioning, physical health, and service use at
Grades 5, 7, and 9. Most children categorized as aggressive victims in Grade 1 continued to be significantly involved in peer
bullying across elementary school. Children with recurrent aggressive victim status exhibited higher levels of some mental
health problems and greater school impairments across the adolescent transition when compared to other longitudinal peer status
groups. This study suggests screening for aggressive victim status at Grade 1 is potentially beneficial. Further early interventions
may need to be carefully tailored to prevent and/or attenuate later psychological, academic, and physical health problems. 相似文献
982.
Rudy Bowen Marilyn Baetz Carla Leuschen Lisa E. Kalynchuk 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(8):1034-1038
The personality trait neuroticism predicts depression and suicidal thoughts. Neuroticism is also linked to mood instability (MI)1 that is common in patients with depression. This study investigated (a) whether MI predicts suicidal thoughts in depressed patients and (b) the relationship of MI to neuroticism. All 129 patients with Major Depression (MINI interview) were assessed on MI (Affective Lability Scale), neuroticism (Short Eysenck Neuroticism Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and suicidal thoughts (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation). Participants also completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Mood Disorder Questionnaire and five clinical questions on MI. Factor analysis of the Eysenck Neuroticism Scale revealed unstable moods as one of three main factors. Only depression severity and MI predicted suicidal thoughts once other variables including neuroticism were controlled. Mediation analyses showed that MI mediated the relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts. These results suggest that MI as measured by the Affective Lability Scale typifies the type of depression that predicts suicidal thoughts and that MI may be more directly associated with suicidal thoughts than neuroticism. This demonstrates the clinical value of assessing MI rather than neuroticism in the treatment of patients with depression with suicidal thoughts. 相似文献
983.
984.
Kenneth P. Tercyak Marilyn L. Sampilo Mira Brancu Mark Beck-Hyman Agnes Browne Doee Kitessa Sowmya Prahlad Lauren Wine Randi Streisand 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(2):191-196
The purpose of this study was to apply a behavioral epidemiology framework reported in J. F. Sallis, N. Owen, and M. J. Fotheringham (2000) to the field of child health psychology and describe the resulting distribution of research phases. Recent volumes of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology were analyzed and their articles classified as belonging to one of five sequentially-ordered phases of behavioral epidemiology research: Phase 1—relationship between behavior and health; Phase 2—measurement and method; Phase 3—factors influencing behavior; Phase 4—intervention; Phase 5—translation. The results indicate that Phase 3 studies (46%) were the most well-represented in the field, followed by Phase 2 (11%), Phase 1 (9%), Phase 4 (8%), and Phase 5 studies (2%). Compared to the journal Health Psychology, the shape of the research phase distribution of articles published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology was similar. Overall, an encouraging amount of data in the field of child health psychology is being amassed in preparation for behavioral intervention. As research in the field matures, it will likely have a greater impact on public health via chronic disease prevention and control and health promotion interventions. 相似文献
985.
Nancy C. Gyurcsik Lawrence R. Brawley Nicolette Langhout 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(10):2134-2153
One study purpose was to determine whether individuals classified with respect to consistency of exercise adherence and acute thinking tone differed on coping self‐efficacy, decisional struggle, exercise intention, and affect. A second study purpose was to examine whether coping self‐efficacy predicted struggle, intention, and affect. Participants were 160 healthy people (Mage = 25.6 years) exercising in fitness settings. Social cognitive, affect, and exercise consistency measures were obtained concurrently. A multivariate analysis indicated that positive thinkers experienced significantly lower decisional struggle and higher coping self‐efficacy compared to negative thinkers. Further, consistent exercisers experienced significantly lower decisional struggle and higher coping self‐efficacy, intention, and positive affect compared to inconsistent exercisers. Regression analyses indicated that coping self‐efficacy significantly predicted decisional struggle and intention. 相似文献
986.
Neil J. Santiago Daniel N. Klein Dina Vivian Carina Vocisano Frank Dowling Bruce A. Arnow Rachel Manber John C. Markowitz James P. McCullough Jr. Lawrence P. L. Riso Barbara O. Rothbaum A. John Rush Michael E. Thase Martin B. Keller 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2002,32(4):281-290
We examined the relationship between patient characteristics and the working alliance in a multisite trial for chronic depression. Patients treated with the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), alone (n = 169) or combined with nefazodone (n = 198), completed the Working Alliance Inventory during the 2nd week of treatment. Within the CBASP alone group, a history of drug abuse/dependence, lower peak social adjustment over the past five years, and lower current social adjustment predicted a significantly poorer alliance. Within the combination group, male gender and a distancing coping style predicted a significantly poorer alliance. Results should be interpreted with caution since they did not replicate across treatment groups, and the number of significant findings were not much greater than chance expectations. 相似文献
987.
988.
Jiang Y Chun MM Marks LE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2002,28(3):717-730
In visual search, when a subset of distractors is previewed 1 s before the target and the remaining distractors, search speed is independent of the number of previewed items. This is visual marking. What allows old items to be marked? Four experiments show that marking is disrupted if the onset of the new items is accompanied by synchronous changes to the old items, but it is not disrupted by changes restricted to the background or by asynchronous changes to the old items. Further, behaviorally relevant old items can be prioritized over new items. Visual marking is based on temporal asynchrony between new and old items, which allows segregation of these items into 2 temporal groups. Attention is then selectively applied to 1 group. 相似文献
989.
In the research reported here, we investigated the influence of phonological neighborhood density on the processing of words
in the visual lexical decision task. The results of the first experiment revealed that words with large phonological neighborhoods
were verified more rapidly than words with small phonological neighborhoods. In the second experiment, we replicated this
effect with a more tightly controlled set of stimuli. These results demonstrate the importance of phonological codes when
processing visually presented letter strings. We relate this research to previous results on semantic and orthographic neighborhoods
and discuss the results within the context of a model in which lexical decisions are based on stimulus familiarity. 相似文献
990.
High stress is known to affect health, but stress impact, determined by events and responses to them, has not been studied systematically. For the Salient Stressor Impact Questionnaire (SSIQ), the impact of events was assumed to depend on their salience and chronicity and the impact of responses on their chronicity and intensity with greater unfavorable appraisal associated with greater response. The SSIQ assessed a person's two most salient stressors. Chronicity items discriminated between clinically stressed and nonclinical participants and measured the chronicity of stressful feelings (distress) and the event. The remaining items measured the degree of distress and unfavorable appraisal. The SSIQ showed good test-retest and internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity, and stability across diverse populations. Exploratory analyses grouped items into distress, chronicity, and appraisal elements, and confirmatory analysis revealed a good fit to the hypothesized model. Preliminary data suggest that the SSIQ will be useful for studying relationships between stress and health. 相似文献