Who Cares about Justice? The Moderating Effect of Values on the Link between Organisational Justice and Work Behaviour

On s’est demandé, dans cette recherche, si les valeurs modérent la relation entre les perceptions de la justice procédurale et les variables d’intervention au travail. Selon le modèle relationnel d’autorité (Tyler et Lind 1992), l’effet de la justice procédurale sur l’engagement dans l’organisation, sur les aspects facilitants et dynamiques du comportement extra‐rôle dépendraient des orientations axiologiques des individus. Les résultats montrent que les employés de structures britanniques et germaniques qui font montre d’ouverture au changement (Schwartz 1992) sont plus influencés dans leur engagement dans leur entreprise et le comportement extra‐rôle par l’absence de justice perçue que ceux qui n’endossent pas les valeurs d’ouverture au changement. Les effets du comportement extra‐rôle étaient plus forts parmi les sujets britanniques. Les valeurs de conservation atténuent la relation entre la justice et l’engagement dans l’organisation uniquement chez les Allemands. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre la façon dont la mesure des valeurs peut expliquer des différences culturelles dans les effets de la perception de la justice. This study examined whether values moderate the relationship between procedural justice perceptions and work outcome variables. Based on the relational model of authorities ( Tyler & Lind, 1992 ), it was predicted that the effect of procedural justice on organisational commitment and on self‐reported compliant and proactive aspects of extra‐role behaviour would depend on the value orientations of individuals. It was found that employees from British and German organisations who endorsed Schwartz's (1992 ) openness to change values were more influenced in their organisational commitment and compliant extra‐role behaviour by the absence of perceived justice than those who do not endorse openness values. The effects found for extra‐role behaviour were stronger among UK respondents. Conservation values moderated the relation between justice and organisational commitment only among Germans. These moderation findings extend our understanding of the way that value measures can explain cultural differences in the effects of perceived organisational justice.     

Empirical Support for an Evolutionary Model of Self‐Destructive Motivation

We tested predictions generated from an evolutionary account of self‐destructive motivation in two survey studies of 18–24‐year‐old university students. As hypothesized, hierarchical regressions showed that the positive relationship between perceived burden to family and suicide ideation was amplified for participants with low measured health and romantic relationship satisfaction, and for participants with relatively young mothers. The moderating effect of maternal age was also observed in logistic regressions of suicide attempts. These effects occurred independently of depression, hopelessness, and other relevant extraneous variables. Results have implications for understanding self‐destructive motivation, assessing suicide risk, and preventing suicidal thinking and behavior.     

Seasonality of Violent Suicides in the Athens Greater Area

The aim of the study was to ascertain suicide seasonality in the Greek population and to associate this seasonal variation with age, sex, and suicide method. Studying seasonality can be of help in establishing a public health policy, related with suicide prevention. This is an epidemiologic study based on forensic evidence. We studied the deaths caused by self‐injury (trauma), namely deaths by violent suicide (not self‐poisoning). Statistically significant suicide seasonality was established with a peak in May. This seasonal variation is attributed mainly to males. As for the method, suicide by hanging peaks in June and by shooting in April. It was also observed that seasonality for individuals above the age of 45 peaks in early May.     

A Paradigm for the Telephonic Assessment of Suicidal Ideation

A three‐stage paradigm for telephonically assessing suicidal risk and triaging suicidal callers as practiced in an Employee Assistance Program Call Center was investigated. The first hypothesis was that the use of the procedure would increase the probability that callers would accept the clinician's recommendations, evidenced by fewer police interventions. The second hypothesis was that there would be an increase in confirmed appointments with providers. Samples involved three separate 6‐month periods. Results indicate the effectiveness of the paradigm with both hypotheses supported. Follow‐up data for the year after completion of this study yielded similar results.     

Comparing Cognitive Behavior Therapy,Problem Solving Therapy,and Treatment as Usual in a High Risk Population

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), problem‐solving therapy (PST), or treatment as usual (TAU) were compared in the management of suicide attempters. Participants completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Social Problem‐Solving Inventory, and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire at pre‐ and posttreatment. Both CBT and PST indicated significant improvements over time within the majority of measured variables; when compared to TAU, both groups showed significant differences on satisfaction. When PST was compared to TAU, results indicated significant differences on suicidal ideation, indicating overall efficacy of brief therapies with suicide attempters.     

Repressive Coping,Emotional Adjustment,and Cognition in People Who Have Lost Loved Ones to Suicide

Research indicates that a repressive coping style is psychologically protective against the stress of trauma, yet it is unclear whether this finding generalizes to suicide bereavement. Thus, we assessed cognitive ability and mental health among individuals who lost a loved one to suicide. The results indicate that repressive coping may be associated with greater emotional health during suicide bereavement. Interestingly, “repressors” also had lower scores on both cognitive tasks compared to “nonrepressors,” but it is unclear whether their more recent loss accounts for this difference. These results are based on cross‐sectional data, and should be interpreted with caution.     

Risk Factors for Suicidality Among a Nationally Representative Sample of High School Students

Using the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance data (n = 13,917) of high school students, we examined the association between four domains of risk factors (alcohol/drug use, aggression, HIV risk‐related behaviors, and health problems) and indicators of suicidality (considering a suicide attempt, making a plan to attempt suicide, and actually attempting suicide). Logistic regressions showed that drug use (e.g., recent smoking, drinking before 13), victimization (e.g., threatened at school, hit by girl/boyfriend), risky sexual behavior (e.g., forced to have sex, used a condom) and two health problems (health as fair/poor, has disability/health problem) were associated with all three indicators of suicidality. These findings suggest that programs to prevent alcohol/drug use, address aggression, promote safety, and prevent unsafe sexual practices may also prevent suicidality.