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931.
932.
This study explored how domestic cats perform in a horizontal string-pulling task to determine whether they understand this
case of physical causality. Fifteen cats were tested on their ability to retrieve an unreachable food treat in three different
set-ups: (a) a single baited string, (b) two parallel strings where only one was baited and (c) two crossed strings where
only one was baited. All cats succeeded at pulling a single string to obtain a treat, but none consistently chose the correct
string when two strings were parallel. When tested with two crossed strings one cat chose the wrong string consistently and
all others performed at chance level. There was no evidence that cats understand the function of the strings or their physical
causality. 相似文献
933.
William L. Thompson Scott D. Slotnick Marie S. Burrage Stephen M. Kosslyn 《Psychological science》2009,20(10):1245-1253
ABSTRACT— Spatial imagery may be useful in such tasks as interpreting graphs and solving geometry problems, and even in performing surgery. This study provides evidence that spatial imagery is not a single faculty; rather, visualizing spatial location and mentally transforming location rely on distinct neural networks. Using 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested 16 participants (8 male, 8 female) in each of two spatial imagery tasks—one that required visualizing location and one that required mentally rotating stimuli. The same stimuli were used in the two tasks. The location-based task engendered more activation near the occipito-parietal sulcus, medial posterior cingulate, and precuneus, whereas the transformation task engendered more activation in superior portions of the parietal lobe and in the postcentral gyrus. These differences in activation provide evidence that there are at least two different types of spatial imagery. 相似文献
934.
We defined and measured a dimension of religiosity frequently invoked in end-of-life (EOL) research—deference to God’s Will
(GW)—and examined its relationship to preferences for life-prolonging treatments. In a 35-min telephone interview, 304 older
men and women (60 +) were administered the 5-item GW scale, sociodemographic questions, three attitude items regarding length
of life, and measures of two health indices, depression, and life-prolonging treatment preferences. The GW scale demonstrated
internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .94) and predictive and discriminant validity. Higher scores indicative of greater
deference to GW were associated with stronger life-prolonging treatment preferences in poor-prognosis scenarios. Implications
for the role of religiosity in medical decision-making are discussed. 相似文献
935.
936.
Marie Rudden Fredric N. Busch Barbara Milrod Meriamne Singer Andrew Aronson Jean Roiphe Theodore Shapiro 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(4):997-1015
Eight of twenty-one patients presenting for treatment in an open trial of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy for panic disorder also carried the diagnosis of major depression. For the patients who completed the study, depression remitted as well as panic disorder. The authors highlight psychodynamic factors that they hypothesize may contribute to the significant overlap between panic disorder and depression, and describe three videotaped cases to illustrate these points. 相似文献
937.
938.
939.
Feeling-of-knowing for proper names. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
940.
Steinberg L Albert D Cauffman E Banich M Graham S Woolard J 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(6):1764-1778
It has been hypothesized that sensation seeking and impulsivity, which are often conflated, in fact develop along different timetables and have different neural underpinnings, and that the difference in their timetables helps account for heightened risk taking during adolescence. In order to test these propositions, the authors examined age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity in a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 935 individuals between the ages of 10 and 30, using self-report and behavioral measures of each construct. Consistent with the authors' predictions, age differences in sensation seeking, which are linked to pubertal maturation, follow a curvilinear pattern, with sensation seeking increasing between 10 and 15 and declining or remaining stable thereafter. In contrast, age differences in impulsivity, which are unrelated to puberty, follow a linear pattern, with impulsivity declining steadily from age 10 on. Heightened vulnerability to risk taking in middle adolescence may be due to the combination of relatively higher inclinations to seek excitement and relatively immature capacities for self-control that are typical of this period of development. 相似文献