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331.
Paul L. Morgan George Farkas Marianne M. Hillemeier Steven Maczuga 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):401-413
We used a large sample of singleton children to estimate the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, gender,
additional socio-demographics, gestational and birth factors, and parenting on children’s risk for learning-related behavior
problems at 24 months of age. We investigated to what extent these factors increased a child’s risk of displaying inattention,
a lack of task persistence, disinterest, non-cooperation, or frustration as he or she completed a series of cognitive and
physical tasks with a non-caregiver. Results indicated that boys are about twice as likely as girls to display learning-related
behavior problems. Children from lower SES households are about twice as likely as those from high SES households to display
such behavior problems, which is largely attributable to the effects of having a mother with a low educational level. Statistically
controlling for these factors, we found consistently significant patterns of elevated learning-related behavior problems for
some Asian and Native American children. Results for African-American children were mixed. Hispanic children did not have
consistently elevated risks of problem behaviors. Only small portions of these effects are explained by variation in the children’s
gestational or birth characteristics. A significant portion, but still less than half of the socio-demographic effects are
attributable to measured features of the children’s parenting. This study helps provide population-based estimates of children’s
risk for learning-related behavior problems while at an age when early interventions are most effective.
相似文献
Steven Maczuga |
332.
Do females remember their surroundings better than males? Does it matter who or what is in those surroundings? In small groups, 108 undergraduates from a Midwestern university in the USA were instructed to pay attention to a videotaped person (target) while seated in an office with an experimenter (non-target). Afterwards, in a surprise recall task, participants’ memory for the appearance of the target, non-target, and office was tested. Females’ greater interpersonal orientation was predicted to give them an advantage over males in memory for only the people. Results showed that females had better memory for the target and non-target but not the office. Discussion centers on the importance of people versus objects in explaining females’ greater appearance accuracy. 相似文献
333.
Marianne Leuzinger‐Bohleber Ulrich Stuhr Bernhard Rüger Manfred Beutel 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(2):263-290
How can we study the ‘quality of psychoanalytic treatments’? The authors attempt to answer this question by discussing a naturalistic, multi‐perspective and representative follow‐up study of psychoanalyses and long‐term psychoanalytic psychotherapies. We studied a representative sample (n = 401) of all the patients who had terminated their psychoanalytic treatments with members of the German Psychoanalytical Association (DPV) between 1990 and 1993. Between 70 and 80 per cent of the patients achieved (average 6.5 years after the end of treatment) good and stable psychic changes according to the evaluations of the patients themselves, their analysts, independent psychoanalytic and non‐psychoanalytic experts, and questionnaires commonly applied in psychotherapy research. The evaluation of mental health costs showed a cost reduction through fewer days of sick leave during the seven years following the end of long‐term psychoanalytic treatments. The results achieved using non‐psychoanalytical instruments are complemented by the richness of the idiosyncratic findings, gained by the psychoanalytic research instruments. 相似文献
334.
335.
The authors examined the relation of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory (B. M. Caldwell & R. H. Bradley, 1984) for 0- to 6-year-old Sundanese Indonesian children with the quality of the mother-child attachment relationship (n=44) and attachment-related behaviors during play interactions (n=37) and with characteristics of the Indonesian caregiving context (N=77). Results showed that infants and toddlers with secure attachment relationships lived in higher quality home environments than did children with insecure attachment relationships. In particular, children with insecure-resistant attachment relationships lived in more unsafe and less organized homes with less play material available. For preschoolers, a lower quality home environment predicted more negativity and noncompliance toward their mothers in a play setting outside the home. With regard to the caregiving context, the socioeconomic status of the family was strongly related to the quality of preschoolers' home environment. Scores on the HOME Inventory for Infants/Toddlers and the HOME Inventory for Early Childhood were related to other culture-specific contextual characteristics for 0- to 6-year old Indonesian children as well. As a whole, the HOME was a good indicator of the general quality of the Sundanese Indonesian home environment. 相似文献
336.
Vervliet Marianne Reynaert Didier Verelst An Vindevogel Sofie De Maeyer Jessica 《Applied research in quality of life》2019,14(4):891-908
Applied Research in Quality of Life - The new paradigm of ‘community care’ promotes the integration of people with mental health problems in society. This reconversion in social care... 相似文献
337.
Marianne Halvorsen Børge Mathiassen Tarjei Amundsen Jonas Ellingsen Per Håkan Brøndbo Jørgen Sundby 《Child neuropsychology》2019,25(5):599-616
The construct validity of the 9-scale version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) parent form was examined in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders (N = 281). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor model separating the inhibitory behavioral control dimension from the emotional control and metacognitive problem-solving dimensions. The Metacognitive factor was also related to a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after controlling for age, gender, IQ, adaptive functioning, and a conventional behavioral rating scale, which included inattention-hyperactivity symptoms. The Emotional Regulation factor was related to a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder. Correlational analyses indicated that child comorbid emotional and behavioral problems may exacerbate parental BRIEF reporting. Accordingly, when assessing executive function among children with neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, the BRIEF should be complemented with assessments of mental health problems. 相似文献
338.
Marianne Glaeser 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2008,21(4):337-348
The phenomenon of forgiveness, initially neglected by psychotherapists due to its religious connotation, is finding increasing recognition as a transformative process involving the injured party in a profound way. This thesis is based on therapists’ experiences with clients who have been emotionally wounded. However, its content may be of relevance also for those who are struggling to forgive as well as those who are in a position to help others undergoing this process. Fifteen practitioners, most of them highly experienced, from eleven different countries on four different continents, have shared their observations and experiences by filling in an e-mail administered in-depth questionnaire. The topic has been approached with the following study objectives: the nature of forgiveness, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors affecting forgiveness, and the role of the therapist in the client's process of letting go. A qualitative research design has been applied for the data analysis, to identify the major themes of each research question, representing the facilitating and obstructing conditions relevant for forgiveness. Since the danger of premature forgiveness emerged as a recurrent concern, a “forgiveness chart” has been developed, assigning the analysed data to relevant categories: A reference tool designed to support a genuine process of letting go. 相似文献
339.
Familiarity from orthographic information: Extensions of the recognition without identification effect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of letter location information in recognition memory judgments. The experiments used the recognition without identification paradigm (Peynircioglu, 1990), in which participants first attempt to identify the test item and then make a recognition decision as to whether or not the item was studied. In these studies, items that are not identified but that correspond to items that were presented are typically still rated as more likely to have been studied than those that were not presented. The present experiments demonstrated this finding with a variant of the conjunction lure paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were tested with word fragments that were made from the letters of two words. When the letters were from studied items, fragments were rated higher than when the test items were derived from two unstudied items, or one studied item and one unstudied item, suggesting that recognition without identification is prone to the same types of errors as recognition with identification. Results are discussed in terms of familiarity effects in recognition memory. 相似文献
340.
Sources of accuracy in the empathic accuracy paradigm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1