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61.
Church BA Krauss MS Lopata C Toomey JA Thomeer ML Coutinho MV Volker MA Mercado E 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(6):862-868
Children with autism spectrum disorder process many perceptual and social events differently from typically developing children,
suggesting that they may also form and recognize categories differently. We used a dot pattern categorization task and prototype
comparison modeling to compare categorical processing in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and matched
typical controls. We were interested in whether there were differences in how children with autism use average similarity
information about a category to make decisions. During testing, the group with autism spectrum disorder endorsed prototypes
less and was seemingly less sensitive to differences between to-be-categorized items and the prototype. The findings suggest
that individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are less likely to use overall average similarity when forming
categories or making categorical decisions. Such differences in category formation and use may negatively impact processing
of socially relevant information, such as facial expressions. A supplemental appendix for this article may be downloaded from
http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
62.
63.
Luciano Arcuri Luigi Castelli Silvia Galdi Cristina Zogmaister Alessandro Amadori 《Political psychology》2008,29(3):369-387
Two studies assessed the predictive validity of implicit political attitudes in relation to voting behavior. In Study 1 , we demonstrated the validity of the adopted measure (i.e., the IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) with a sample of voters who clearly sided with one of the opposing parties. In Study 2 , implicit political preferences were measured in a sample of undecided voters one month before the election, and actual voting behavior was assessed immediately after the election. Results demonstrated that implicit political attitudes were good predictors of future voting behaviors. These findings support the hypothesis of the presence of embryonic attitudes even in the case of those voters who at the explicit and conscious level deny any preference for one of the two opposing candidates. 相似文献
64.
Luciano Floridi 《Erkenntnis》2008,69(1):69-92
Agents require a constant flow, and a high level of processing, of relevant semantic information, in order to interact successfully among themselves and with the environment in which they are embedded.
Standard theories of information, however, are silent on the nature of epistemic relevance. In this paper, a subjectivist
interpretation of epistemic relevance is developed and defended. It is based on a counterfactual and metatheoretical analysis
of the degree of relevance of some semantic information i to an informee/agent a, as a function of the accuracy of i understood as an answer to a query q, given the probability that q might be asked by a. This interpretation of epistemic relevance vindicates a strongly semantic theory of information, according to which semantic
information encapsulates truth. It accounts satisfactorily for several important applications and interpretations of the concept
of relevant information in a variety of philosophical areas. And it interfaces successfully with current philosophical interpretations
of causal and logical relevance. 相似文献
65.
The study of list length effects (adding items to a list affects memory for the other items) and list strength effects (strengthening some items in a list affects memory for the nonstrengthened items) is important to constrain models of memory. In recognition memory, a list length effect is generally found, whereas a list strength effect is not. Using the switched-plurality procedure in an old-new recognition task (e.g., study banana; test bananas), we found the opposite pattern. Length manipulations caused no change in memory performance, whereas strength manipulations did. The list strength effect was found when recollection was likely to operate at test (with switched-plurality lures). When recollection was unlikely to operate (with unrelated lures), the strength effect disappeared. The result was observed using both a size judgement task (which has previously produced positive list strength effects) and a pleasantness judgement task (which has not yielded list strength effects before). 相似文献
66.
Interactions between acute stress and systemic insulin and epinephrine on GABAA receptor density in the forebrain were studied. Here, 10 day-old chicks were intraperitoneally injected with insulin, epinephrine or vehicle and then immediately stressed by partial water immersion for 15 min and killed by decapitation. Non-stressed controls were similarly injected, then returned to their rearing boxes for 15 min and then killed. Forebrains were dissected and GABAA receptor density was measured ex vivo in synaptosomes by 3[H]-flunitrazepam binding assay. In non-stressed chicks, insulin at 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 IU/kg of body weight (non-hypoglycemic doses) increased Bmax by 33, 53 and 44% compared to saline, respectively. A similar increase of 41% was observed in receptor density after stress. However, the insulin effect was not additive to the stress-induced increase suggesting that both effects occur through similar mechanisms. In contrast, epinephrine, at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg did not induce any changes in Bmax in non-stressed chicks. Nevertheless, after stress these doses increased the receptor density by about 13 and 27%, respectively. Similarly, the same epinephrine doses co-administered with insulin (2.50 IU/kg), increased the receptor density by about 20% compared to insulin alone. These results suggest that systemic epinephrine, perhaps by evoking central norepinephrine release, modulates the increase in forebrain GABAA receptor binding induced by both insulin and stress. 相似文献
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68.
Pfaff JJ Almeida OP Witte TK Waesche MC Joiner TE 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(6):616-626
Relatively little research has been conducted on the relationship between alcohol misuse and suicidal behavior among the elderly. The current study's aim was to examine whether quantity and frequency of alcohol use and the interaction between these variables are related to current suicidal ideation, previous suicidal ideation/intent, and past suicide attempts in a community sample of 1,010 Australian adults over age 60. Results partially supported our hypotheses. The interaction between quantity and frequency of alcohol use was significant, suggesting that those who use alcohol less frequently but in greater quantities (i.e., binge drinking) are more likely to have a history of suicide attempts. 相似文献
69.
70.
Agostinho Almeida 《Studia Logica》2009,91(2):171-199
This work is part of a wider investigation into lattice-structured algebras and associated dual representations obtained via the methodology of canonical extensions. To this end, here we study lattices, not necessarily distributive, with negation operations.We consider equational classes of lattices equipped with a negation operation ¬ which is dually self-adjoint (the pair (¬,¬) is a Galois connection) and other axioms are added so as to give classes of lattices in which the negation is De Morgan, orthonegation, antilogism, pseudocomplementation or weak pseudocomplementation. These classes are shown to be canonical and dual relational structures are given in a generalized Kripke-style. The fact that the negation is dually self-adjoint plays an important role here, as it implies that it sends arbitrary joins to meets and that will allow us to define the dual structures in a uniform way.Among these classes, all but one—that of lattices with a negation which is an antilogism—were previously studied by W. Dzik, E. Or?owska and C. van Alten using Urquhart duality.In some cases in which a given axiom does not imply that negation is dually self-adjoint, canonicity is proven with the weaker assumption of antitonicity of the negation. 相似文献