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71.
MacIntyre’s critique of liberalism relies crucially on a distinctive moral particularism, for which morality and rationality
are fundamentally tradition-constituted. In light of this, some have detected in his work a moral relativism, radically in
tension with his endorsement of a Thomist universalism. I dispute this reading, arguing instead that MacIntyre is a consistent
universalist who pays due attention to the moral-epistemic importance of traditions. Analysing his teleological understanding
of rational enquiry, I argue that this approach shows how it is possible, dialectically, to reconcile the particularity of
our starting-points with the assertion of universal truths. What MacIntyre offers, I contend, is a moral universalism that
avoids the pitfalls of its liberal counterpart, and invites an important meta-theoretical shift with respect to the scope
for toleration and social critique and toleration in contemporary pluralist society. 相似文献
72.
This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Cleveland Scale for Activities of Daily Living (CSADL), a scale designed to measure in detail specific activities of daily living in individuals with dementia. Administered to knowledgeable informants by trained examiners, the CSADL demonstrated good reliability in terms of interrater agreement and internal consistency. The validity of CSADL total scores was shown by its sensitivity to degree of cognitive impairment: All comparisons between means of the healthy elderly group and three groups of AD patients differing in severity were statistically significant. The CSADL was highly correlated with the Blessed–Roth Dementia Scale (DS-ADL) and more highly correlated with Mini-Mental State Exam scores than was the DS-ADL. 相似文献
73.
74.
Bar-Haim Y Lamy D Pergamin L Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van IJzendoorn MH 《Psychological bulletin》2007,133(1):1-24
This meta-analysis of 172 studies (N = 2,263 anxious,N = 1,768 nonanxious) examined the boundary conditions of threat-related attentional biases in anxiety. Overall, the results show that the bias is reliably demonstrated with different experimental paradigms and under a variety of experimental conditions, but that it is only an effect size of d = 0.45. Although processes requiring conscious perception of threat contribute to the bias, a significant bias is also observed with stimuli outside awareness. The bias is of comparable magnitude across different types of anxious populations (individuals with different clinical disorders, high-anxious nonclinical individuals, anxious children and adults) and is not observed in nonanxious individuals. Empirical and clinical implications as well as future directions for research are discussed. 相似文献
75.
The relationship between language and memory was examined by testing accessibility of general knowledge across two languages
in bilinguals. Mandarin-English speakers were asked questions such as “name a statue of someone standing with a raised arm
while looking into the distance” and were more likely to name the Statue of Liberty when asked in English and the Statue of
Mao when asked in Mandarin. Multivalent information (i.e., multiple possible answers to a question) and bivalent information
(i.e., two possible answers to a question) were more susceptible to language dependency than univalent information (i.e.,
one possible answer to a question). Accuracy of retrieval showed language-dependent memory effects in both languages, while
speed of retrieval showed language-dependent memory effects only in bilinguals’ more proficient language. These findings suggest
that memory and language are tightly connected and that linguistic context at the time of learning may become integrated into
memory content. 相似文献
76.
Looking-time studies examined whether 11-month-old infants can individuate two pairs of objects using only shape information. In order to test individuation, the object pairs were presented sequentially. Infants were familiarized either with the sequential pairs, disk-triangle/disk-triangle (XY/XY), whose shapes differed within but not across pairs, or with the sequential pairs, disk-disk/triangle-triangle (XX/YY), whose shapes differed across but not within pairs. The XY/XY presentation looked to adults like a single pair of objects presented repeatedly, whereas the XX/YY presentation looked like different pairs of objects. Following familiarization to these displays, infants were given a series of test trials in which the screen was removed, revealing two pairs of objects in one of two outcomes, XYXY or XXYY. On the first test trial, infants familiarized with the identical pairs (XY/XY) apparently expected a single pair to be revealed because they looked longer than infants familiarized with the distinct pairs (XX/YY). Infants who had seen the distinct pairs apparently expected a double pair outcome. A second experiment showed outcomes of a single XY pair. This outcome is unexpected for XX/YY-familiarized infants but expected for XY/XY-familiarized infants, the reverse of Experiment 1. This time looking times were longer for XX/YY infants. Eleven-month-olds appear to be able to represent not just individual objects but also pairs of objects. These results suggest that if they can group the objects into sets, infants may be able to track more objects than their numerosity limit or available working memory slots would normally allow. We suggest possible small exact numerosity representations that would allow tracking of such sets. 相似文献
77.
This article sets out to discuss the impact that urban living has had on the lives of young Indigenous people. It will seek to discover some of the problems that occur when there is a meeting of two cultures, in this case the Indigenous culture of Australian Aboriginal people and the mainstream culture that has been derived largely from west European traditions which, in turn, was born out of Western Christian perspectives. As well, it will explore the challenges faced by minority groups who live in pluralist contexts when they attempt to hand on their ways to their young people, in particular, the difficulties faced by urban Indigenous Australians who try to ensure that their young people will develop knowledge about their cultural and spiritual heritage. Finally it will examine how the rights of young Indigenous people need to be protected so that they can continue to develop their particular identity and at the same time take their place with pride and integrity in the pluralist social context that defines Australia today.
Many Australians understand that Aboriginal people have a special respect for nature. The identity we have with the land is sacred and unique. Many people are beginning to understand this more. Also there are many Australians who appreciate that Aboriginal people have a very strong sense of community. All persons matter. All of us belong and there are many more Australians who understand that we are people who celebrate together. What I want you to know about is another special quality of my people. I believe it is most important. It is our most unique gift. It is perhaps the greatest gift we can give to our fellow Australians. In our language it is the quality called dadirri. It is inner, deep listening and quiet, still awareness. Dadirri recognizes the deep spring inside us. We call on it and it calls to us. This is the gift that Australia is thirsting for. It is something like what you call ‘contemplation’. (Ungunmerr, 2003) 相似文献
78.
Marian M. Morry Ashley Hall Simmi Mann Mie Kito 《The Journal of social psychology》2014,154(5):401-422
A four-wave longitudinal study examined how relational-interdependent self-construal (RISC) or the tendency to think of one’s self in terms of close relationships, was related to cognitions and behaviors within friendships. In same-sex friendships, in both concurrent and prospective analyses, own RISC was associated with perceived friend’s RISC, own relationship supportive behaviors, and own relationship quality. Perceived friend’s RISC predicted perceived friend’s relationship supportive behaviors. Own behaviors predicted fulfillment of own friendship functions, which predicted own relationship quality. In prospective analyses, behaviors mediated the RISC-friendship function relation, and behaviors and friendship functions both mediated the RISC-relationship quality relation. However, the influence of perceived friend’s RISC on subsequent variables was through its association with perceived friend’s behavior, which was associated with own friendship functions concurrently. 相似文献
79.
80.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFANT NIGHTTIME‐SLEEP LOCATION AND ATTACHMENT SECURITY: NO EASY VERDICT 下载免费PDF全文