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141.
Mirjam N. Stolk Judi Mesman Jantien van Zeijl Lenneke R. A. Alink Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Hans M. Koot 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):55-83
The effects of cumulative risk and parity on the effectiveness of a home based parenting intervention were tested in a randomized
controlled trial with 237 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for high levels of externalizing behavior. The
intervention was aimed at enhancing positive parenting and decreasing externalizing behaviors. The results showed that cumulative
risk was not associated with either change in child externalizing behaviors or change in positive parenting. When intervention
effectiveness was compared for primiparas (i.e., first-time mothers) versus multiparas (i.e., mothers with more than one child),
we found that intervention mothers of first-born children displayed an increase in their use of positive discipline strategies
as compared to first-time mothers in the control group, whereas a similar effect for multiparas was absent. Among multiparas
we found an intervention effect on sensitivity, with control group mothers showing an increase in sensitivity, whereas the
intervention group showed a constant level of sensitivity over time. These results suggest that parity may be a moderator
of intervention effectiveness. Implications for investigating moderators of intervention effectiveness are discussed. 相似文献
142.
Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Van IJzendoorn MH Pijlman FT Mesman J Juffer F 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(1):293-300
In a randomized controlled trial we tested the role of genetic differences in explaining variability in intervention effects on child externalizing behavior. One hundred fifty-seven families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior participated in a study implementing Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), with six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline. A moderating role of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) exon III polymorphism was found: VIPP-SD proved to be effective in decreasing externalizing behavior in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, a polymorphism that is associated with motivational and reward mechanisms and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. VIPP-SD effects were largest in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele whose parents showed the largest increase in the use of positive discipline. The findings of this first experimental test of (measured) gene by (observed) environment interaction in human development indicate that children may be differentially susceptible to intervention effects depending on genetic differences. 相似文献
143.
Marian Ronan 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(3):321-339
The passionate response of many American Catholics to the clergy sex abuse crisis is an expression not only of legitimate
anger over the sexual abuse of children and young people by Roman Catholic priests but also of resistance to mourning the
significant losses post-immigrant American Catholics sustained in the last third of the twentieth century.
相似文献
Marian RonanEmail: |
144.
Mesman J Alink LR van Zeijl J Stolk MN Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van Ijzendoorn MH Juffer F Koot HM 《Aggressive behavior》2008,34(5):539-552
We investigated the reliability and (convergent and discriminant) validity of an observational measure of physical aggression in toddlers and preschoolers, originally developed by Keenan and Shaw [1994]. The observation instrument is based on a developmental definition of aggression. Physical aggression was observed twice in a laboratory setting, the first time when children were 1-3 years old, and again 1 year later. Observed physical aggression was significantly related to concurrent mother-rated physical aggression for 2- to 4-year-olds, but not to maternal ratings of nonaggressive externalizing problems, indicating the measure's discriminant validity. However, we did not find significant 1-year stability of observed physical aggression in any of the age groups, whereas mother-rated physical aggression was significantly stable for all ages. The observational measure shows promise, but may have assessed state rather than trait aggression in our study. 相似文献
145.
Pérez Ramírez M Redondo Illescas S Martínez García M García Forero C Andrés Pueyo A 《Psicothema》2008,20(2):205-210
Violent behaviour risk assessment is one of the most relevant research areas in current Psychology of Crime. Various scales for violence risk assessment have recently been developed from research about crime careers and risk factors. One of these instruments is the Sexual Violence Risk Assessment-20 (SVR-20), translated and adapted to Spanish by the Group of Advanced Studies in Violence of the University of Barcelona. The goal of this study is to verify the predictive capacity of the SVR-20 to predict sexual violence recidivism in a Spanish sample of sexual offender inmates. The method used was a retrospective study based in 163 sexual offender files and a 4-year time lag. The data were analysed with the logistic regression technique. Of the sample, 79.9% non-recidivist individuals were correctly classified, and 70.8% recidivist individuals. The ROC curve obtained for the model shows a very good discriminant capacity for the SVR-20, with a 0.83 AUC value. The main conclusion of this study is that the Spanish adaptation of SVR-20 is a good instrument to predict the risk of sexual violence. 相似文献
146.
Marian Ådnanes 《Political psychology》2004,25(5):795-815
Hirschman's (1970 , 1993 ) theoretical constructs of Exit and Voice represent a useful way to think about citizenship. Exit refers to a desire to emigrate and can be construed as apolitical, private, and passive—a threat to citizenship—whereas Voice refers to political commitment and can be construed as ideal citizenship. A survey of 560 Bulgarian university students in 1998 explored their emphasis on Exit and Voice (as options for themselves in the future) and the association of each option with different economic, political, and psychological factors. One in four students wanted to emigrate, and half of them considered leaving the country for a period of time. Exit plans appeared mainly to be triggered by a wish to participate in the consumer culture, but were also associated with a critical view of the political system as well as a rejection of tradition in conjunction with a Western identity. Although most of the students shared vague or ideal Voice-related plans, few wanted to become actively involved in politics. An emphasis on Voice reflected not only a somewhat limited political engagement but also a more traditionalistic attitude associated with plans for a career and family. The findings indicate that a normative separation between Exit and Voice as theoretical concepts does not cover the complexities of the Bulgarian students' emigration and political involvement plans. 相似文献
147.
Tanofsky-Kraff M Shomaker LB Olsen C Roza CA Wolkoff LE Columbo KM Raciti G Zocca JM Wilfley DE Yanovski SZ Yanovski JA 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(1):108-118
Loss of control (LOC) eating in youth is associated cross-sectionally with eating-related and psychosocial distress and is predictive of excessive weight gain. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the psychological impact and persistence of pediatric LOC eating. We administered the Eating Disorder Examination and self-reported measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms to 195 boys and girls (mean age = 10.4 years, SD = 1.5) at baseline and again 4.7 years (SD = 1.2) later to 118 of these youth. Missing data were imputed. Baseline report of LOC was associated with the development of partial- or full-syndrome binge eating disorder (p = .03), even after accounting for the contribution of sex, race, baseline characteristics (age, disordered eating attitudes, and mood symptoms), body mass index growth between baseline and follow-up, and years in study. Half (52.2%; 95% CI [1.15, 6.22]) of children who endorsed experiencing LOC at baseline reported persistence of LOC at follow-up (p = .02). Compared with children who never reported LOC eating or reported LOC only at baseline, those with persistent LOC experienced significantly greater increases in disordered eating attitudes (ps < .001) and depressive symptoms (p = .027) over time. These data suggest that LOC eating in children is a problematic behavior that frequently persists into adolescence and that persistent LOC eating is associated with worsening of emotional distress. 相似文献
148.
Bilinguals have been shown to outperform monolinguals at suppressing task-irrelevant information. The present study aimed to identify how processing linguistic ambiguity during auditory comprehension may be associated with inhibitory control. Monolinguals and bilinguals listened to words in their native language (English) and identified them among four pictures while their eye-movements were tracked. Each target picture (e.g., hamper) appeared together with a similar-sounding within-language competitor picture (e.g., hammer) and two neutral pictures. Following each eye-tracking trial, priming probe trials indexed residual activation of target words, and residual inhibition of competitor words. Eye-tracking showed similar within-language competition across groups; priming showed stronger competitor inhibition in monolinguals than in bilinguals, suggesting differences in how inhibitory control was used to resolve within-language competition. Notably, correlation analyses revealed that inhibition performance on a nonlinguistic Stroop task was related to linguistic competition resolution in bilinguals but not in monolinguals. Together, monolingual-bilingual comparisons suggest that cognitive control mechanisms can be shaped by linguistic experience. 相似文献
149.
Spanish‐English bilinguals were taught academic‐type information about History, Biology, Chemistry and Mythology in their two languages. Upon testing, it was found that memory was more accurate and retrieval was faster when the language of retrieval and the language of encoding matched than when they did not match. For accuracy, the pattern of results was influenced by bilinguals' language proficiency, so that only balanced bilinguals whose high proficiency levels were similar in both languages showed language‐dependent recall. For reaction time, bilinguals were faster to retrieve information when the languages of retrieval and encoding matched than when they mismatched, but only for material encoded in Spanish. The influence of encoding and retrieval languages on error patterns was also examined. Together, the study's findings suggest that bilingual learning may be subject to language dependency and that experience with a language may increase the strength of linguistic cues in producing language‐dependent memory. The results are consistent with previous findings of language‐dependent memory in autobiographical narratives, carry applied implications for bilingual education, and are discussed within the theoretical framework of the relationship between language and memory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
150.
To improve our knowledge of the causal mechanisms of stress-related disorders such as depression, we need animal models that mirror the situation in patients. One promising model is the chronic psychosocial stress paradigm in male tree shrews, which is based on the territorial behaviour of these animals that can be used to establish naturally occurring challenging situations under experimental control in the laboratory. Co-existence of two males in visual and olfactory contact leads to a stable dominant-subordinate relationship, with subordinates showing distinct stress-induced behavioural and neuroendocrine alterations that are comparable to the symptoms observed during episodes of depression in patients such as constantly elevated circulating glucocorticoid hormones due to a chronic hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To elucidate whether the chronic psychosocial stress model in tree shrews besides its "face validity" for depression also has "predictive validity", we treated subordinate tree shrews with the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine and found a time-dependent restoration of both endocrine and behavioural parameters. In contrast, the anxiolytic diazepam was ineffective. Although the chronic psychosocial stress model in tree shrews requires further validation, it has sufficient face, predictive, and construct validity to become an interesting non-rodent model for research on the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. 相似文献