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141.
Camden A. Elliott Marian Tanofsky-Kraff Lauren B. Shomaker Kelli M. Columbo Laura E. Wolkoff Lisa M. Ranzenhofer Jack A. Yanovski 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(5):424-428
The interpersonal model of binge eating disorder proposes that social problems lead to negative affect which, in turn, precipitates binge eating episodes. However, no study to date has examined this model among youth who report loss of control (LOC) eating. Participants were 219 non-treatment-seeking children and adolescent volunteers, age 8-17 years (13.1 ± 2.8y; 50% female). Children's social problems were assessed by parent report. Youth completed self-report questionnaires of negative affect that assessed depressive symptoms and anxiety. Participants were interviewed to determine the presence or absence of LOC eating in the month prior to assessment. Structural equation modeling analyses found that social problems were positively related to LOC eating presence (p = .02). Negative affect mediated the relationship between social problems and LOC eating (95% CI Product = .00247, .01336). These preliminary results suggest that the interpersonal model of binge eating may describe one possible pathway for the development of LOC eating among non-treatment-seeking youth. 相似文献
142.
Marian Broda 《Studies in East European Thought》2010,62(1):29-40
There lies at the basis of Leont’ev’s conception a clear distinction and fundamental division of two primary dimensions and
rhythms of reality: history and eschatology. In the light of this Leont’evian perspective Dostoevskij’s conception was interpreted
and critically evaluated through the prism of the absence in it, and the lack of awareness of the consequence thereof, of
a similar, fundamental distinction. The centrality of Dostoevskij in the Russian and intellectual cultural tradition is, among
other things, tied to his acceptance of a series of fundamental and constitutive assumptions deeply rooted in a characteristic
sphere of myths and illusions. The specificity of the place and significance of Leont’ev’s concepts within this tradition
results from the fact that it takes a critical distance, giving thus the possibility of conceiving an essentially different
problematization of the world extending beyond commonly established and naturalized obviousness of the principles and ‘prejudices’
of one’s own culture. 相似文献
143.
Anda H. van Stegeren Benno Roozendaal Merel Kindt Oliver T. Wolf Marian Joëls 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2010,93(1):56-65
Emotionally arousing experiences are usually well retained, an effect that depends on the release of adrenal stress hormones. Animal studies have shown that corticosterone and noradrenaline – representing the two main stress hormone systems – act in concert to enhance memory formation by actions involving the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here we test whether interactions between these two stress hormone systems also affect human memory formation as well as the associated pattern of brain activation. To this end, forty-eight male human subjects received hydrocortisone, yohimbine or both before presentation of emotional and neutral pictures. Activity in the amygdala, hippocampus and PFC was monitored with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during encoding of these stimuli, when hormonal levels were elevated. Memory performance was tested 1 week later. We investigated whether an increased level of one of the two hormone systems would lead to differential effects compared to the combined application of the drugs on brain activation and memory performance. We report that the application of cortisol led to an overall enhancing effect on recognition memory, with no significant additional effect of yohimbine. However, during encoding the brain switched from amygdala/hippocampus activation with either hormone alone, to a strong deactivation of prefrontal areas under the influence of the combination of both exogenous hormones. Although we did not find evidence that exogenous stimulation of the noradrenergic and corticosteroid systems led to significant interaction effects on memory performance in this experiment, we conclude that stress hormone levels during encoding did differentially determine the activation pattern of the brain circuits here involved. 相似文献
144.
145.
Marian Annett 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1992,44(1):33-46
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that children at the left of the distribution of right minus left (R-L) hand skill are at risk for poor phonological processing. In the first experiment, individual assessments of spoken rhyme awareness were made in 5- to 8-year-olds. In the second experiment, a group test of word order memory for spoken confusable and nonconfusable items was given to 9- to 11-year-olds. Evidence of poorer phonological processing in those at the left of the R-L distribution was found in both experiments. Rhyme judgements and word order memory were both associated with reading ability, but reading did not interact with effects for hand skill. A group test of homophone comprehension was given to the same children tested for word order memory. Homophone errors did not differ between hand skill groups, showing a dissociation between the two tasks for R-L hand difference. The findings suggest that some risks for phonological processing could be due to normal genetic variation associated with the hypothesized rs + gene (Annett, 1972, 1978). 相似文献
146.
147.
Mirjam N. Stolk Judi Mesman Jantien van Zeijl Lenneke R. A. Alink Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Hans M. Koot 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):55-83
The effects of cumulative risk and parity on the effectiveness of a home based parenting intervention were tested in a randomized
controlled trial with 237 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for high levels of externalizing behavior. The
intervention was aimed at enhancing positive parenting and decreasing externalizing behaviors. The results showed that cumulative
risk was not associated with either change in child externalizing behaviors or change in positive parenting. When intervention
effectiveness was compared for primiparas (i.e., first-time mothers) versus multiparas (i.e., mothers with more than one child),
we found that intervention mothers of first-born children displayed an increase in their use of positive discipline strategies
as compared to first-time mothers in the control group, whereas a similar effect for multiparas was absent. Among multiparas
we found an intervention effect on sensitivity, with control group mothers showing an increase in sensitivity, whereas the
intervention group showed a constant level of sensitivity over time. These results suggest that parity may be a moderator
of intervention effectiveness. Implications for investigating moderators of intervention effectiveness are discussed. 相似文献
148.
Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ Van IJzendoorn MH Pijlman FT Mesman J Juffer F 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(1):293-300
In a randomized controlled trial we tested the role of genetic differences in explaining variability in intervention effects on child externalizing behavior. One hundred fifty-seven families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior participated in a study implementing Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), with six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline. A moderating role of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) exon III polymorphism was found: VIPP-SD proved to be effective in decreasing externalizing behavior in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele, a polymorphism that is associated with motivational and reward mechanisms and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. VIPP-SD effects were largest in children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele whose parents showed the largest increase in the use of positive discipline. The findings of this first experimental test of (measured) gene by (observed) environment interaction in human development indicate that children may be differentially susceptible to intervention effects depending on genetic differences. 相似文献
149.
Marian Ronan 《Pastoral Psychology》2008,56(3):321-339
The passionate response of many American Catholics to the clergy sex abuse crisis is an expression not only of legitimate
anger over the sexual abuse of children and young people by Roman Catholic priests but also of resistance to mourning the
significant losses post-immigrant American Catholics sustained in the last third of the twentieth century.
相似文献
Marian RonanEmail: |
150.
Mesman J Alink LR van Zeijl J Stolk MN Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van Ijzendoorn MH Juffer F Koot HM 《Aggressive behavior》2008,34(5):539-552
We investigated the reliability and (convergent and discriminant) validity of an observational measure of physical aggression in toddlers and preschoolers, originally developed by Keenan and Shaw [1994]. The observation instrument is based on a developmental definition of aggression. Physical aggression was observed twice in a laboratory setting, the first time when children were 1-3 years old, and again 1 year later. Observed physical aggression was significantly related to concurrent mother-rated physical aggression for 2- to 4-year-olds, but not to maternal ratings of nonaggressive externalizing problems, indicating the measure's discriminant validity. However, we did not find significant 1-year stability of observed physical aggression in any of the age groups, whereas mother-rated physical aggression was significantly stable for all ages. The observational measure shows promise, but may have assessed state rather than trait aggression in our study. 相似文献