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排序方式: 共有337条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
241.
242.
Joshua L. Rabinowitz David O. Sears Jim Sidanius Jon A. Krosnick 《Political psychology》2009,30(5):805-828
Measures of symbolic racism (SR) have often been used to tap racial prejudice toward Blacks. However, given the wording of questions used for this purpose, some of the apparent effects on attitudes toward policies to help Blacks may instead be due to political conservatism, attitudes toward government, and/or attitudes toward redistributive government policies in general. Using data from national probability sample surveys and an experiment, we explored whether SR has effects even when controlling for these potential confounds and whether its effects are specific to policies involving Blacks. Holding constant conservatism and attitudes toward limited government, SR predicted Whites' opposition to policies designed to help Blacks and more weakly predicted attitudes toward social programs whose beneficiaries were racially ambiguous. An experimental manipulation of policy beneficiaries revealed that SR predicted policy attitudes when Blacks were the beneficiary but not when women were. These findings are consistent with the claim that SR's association with racial policy preferences is not due to these confounds. 相似文献
243.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by an obsessive concern over a perceived flaw in bodily appearance. If a minor flaw does exist, the patient displays unwarranted distress. This preoccupation typically leads to compulsive behaviors, such as mirror checking or mirror avoiding, camouflaging, and seeking reassurance from others regarding one’s appearance or the perceived “flaw.” Although some theorists have outlined important maintaining mechanisms of the disorder, a full model of the etiology and maintenance of this disorder has only recently been articulated in the literature (Neziroglu, Roberts, & Yaryura-Tobias, (2004). A behavioral model for body dysmorphic disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 34, 915–920.). The aim of the present article is to review this model and demonstrate its application to the successful treatment of BDD via a case presentation. 相似文献
244.
Congruent information conveyed over different sensory modalities often facilitates a variety of cognitive processes, including speech perception (Sumby & Pollack, 1954). Since auditory processing is substantially faster than visual processing, auditory-visual integration can occur over a surprisingly wide temporal window (Stein, 1998). We investigated the processing architecture mediating the integration of acoustic digit names with corresponding symbolic visual forms. The digits "1" or "2" were presented in auditory, visual, or bimodal format at several stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 0, 75, 150, and 225 msec). The reaction times (RTs) for echoing unimodal auditory stimuli were approximately 100 msec faster than the RTs for naming their visual forms. Correspondingly, bimodal facilitation violated race model predictions, but only at SOA values greater than 75 msec. These results indicate that the acoustic and visual information are pooled prior to verbal response programming. However, full expression of this bimodal summation is dependent on the central coincidence of the visual and auditory inputs. These results are considered in the context of studies demonstrating multimodal activation of regions involved in speech production. 相似文献
245.
246.
Jennifer Edson Escalas Marian Chapman Moore Julie Edell Britton 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2004,14(1-2):105-114
To better understand individual variation in emotional responses to advertising, the authors recommend considering 3 general factors: characteristics of the individual who sees the ad, characteristics of the ad itself, and the nature of the ad–individual interface. This article examines 1 aspect of the individual, affect intensity (AI); one aspect of the ad, the degree to which the ad tells a story; and 1 aspect of the ad–individual interface, whether the individual is hooked by the ad. Experimental results reveal that an individual's being hooked by an ad has a positive relation with upbeat and warm feelings, a negative relation with disinterested feelings, and significantly enhances the viewer's attitude toward the ad. We find that AI has a positive relation with upbeat and warm feelings, and AI moderates the effect of being hooked on upbeat and warm feelings. Findings also reveal that narrative ad structure has a positive relation with upbeat and warm feelings, a negative relation with disinterested feelings, and that being hooked moderates the effect of narrative ad structure on upbeat and warm feelings responses. 相似文献
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248.
Max R. Freeman Henrike K. Blumenfeld Viorica Marian 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(7):783-794
The current study examines the relation between cognitive control and linguistic competition resolution at the sublexical level in bilinguals. Twenty-one Spanish–English bilinguals and 23 English monolinguals completed a non-linguistic Stroop task (indexing inhibitory control) and a linguistic priming/lexical decision task (indexing Spanish phonotactic-constraint competition during English comprehension). More efficient Stroop performance (i.e. a smaller Stroop effect) in bilinguals was associated with decreased competition from Spanish phonotactic constraints during English comprehension. This relation was observed when nonword targets overlapped in phonotactic constraints and phonological form with preceding cognate primes (e.g. prime: stable (Spanish: estable)/target: esteriors). Findings suggest a link between non-linguistic cognitive control and co-activation of linguistic structures at the sublexical level in bilinguals. 相似文献
249.
Rocco Pallin Bonnie Siry Deborah Azrael Christopher E. Knoepke Daniel D. Matlock Ashley Clement Megan L. Ranney Garen J. Wintemute Marian E. Betz 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2019,37(3):259-269
A recommended component of suicide prevention is encouraging at‐risk individuals to voluntarily and temporarily reduce access to firearms and other lethal methods. Yet delivering counseling on the topic can be difficult, given the political sensitivity of firearm discussions. To support such counseling, we sought to identify recommended framing and content of messages about reducing firearm access for suicide prevention. Through qualitative interviews with firearm owners and enthusiasts, we identified key points for use in framing (identity as a gun owner, trust, voluntary and temporary storage, and context and motivation) and specific content (preference for “firearm” over “gun,” and legal issues such as background checks for transfers). These findings build on prior work and should enhance efforts to develop and deliver effective, acceptable counseling and—ultimately—prevent firearm suicide. 相似文献
250.
Attachment Representation and Sensitivity: The Moderating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Refugee Sample
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It has been hypothesized that adult attachment representations guide caregiving behavior and influence parental sensitivity, and thus affect the child's socio‐emotional development. Several studies have shown a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and reduced parental sensitivity, so it is possible that PTSD moderates the relationship between insecure attachment representations and insensitivity. In this study symptoms of PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), parental sensitivity (Emotional Availability Scales), and attachment representations (Attachment Script Assessment) were assessed in 53 parents who were asylum seekers or refugees. Results showed that when parents were less able to draw on secure attachment representations, symptoms of PTSD increased the risk of insensitive parenting. These findings suggest that parental sensitivity is affected not just by attachment representations, but by a conjunction of risk factors including symptoms of PTSD and insecure attachment representations. These parents should therefore be supported to establish or confirm secure models of attachment experiences, to facilitate their ability interact sensitively and form a secure relationship with their children. 相似文献