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231.
This is the first study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T), and Food Craving Questionnaire-State (FCQ-S) measures using a clinically heterogeneous sample of eating disorder patients (N = 177) recruited from seven different outpatient eating disorder treatment centers in Spain. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) corroborated the factor structures of the FCQ-T and FCQ-S. The measures' scores and their factor-derived scale-scores yielded internal consistency reliability indexes that ranged from adequate to excellent. The measures were predictive of eating disorder symptoms. As expected, the FCQ-T was more strongly associated with eating disorder psychopathology than the FCQ-S. The results replicated the psychometric properties of the FCQ-T and FCQ-S in eating disorder populations and could become useful tools in clinical and research settings. 相似文献
232.
Extinction has mostly been studied in conditioning paradigms, more sparsely in spatial tasks, and never as a function of the age of a spatial memory. Using rats, we compared the time-course of extinction of a recent (5 days) vs. remote (25 days) spatial memory in a water maze, over three probe trials. When the trials were set 24h apart, performance in the remote memory group was significantly worse on the first probe trial and significantly better on the third probe trial, as compared to the recent memory group, thereby showing differences between cognitive operations underlying recent vs. remote memory extinction. In contrast, when trials were given consecutively, both groups showed a similar profile of extinction. Furthermore, in a room with overly-salient cues providing a strong remote memory trace, no difference between groups was observed when the spaced extinction paradigm was used. These results might be related to a balance between reconsolidation and extinction processes occurring after a first retrieval experience, of which the outcome may depend on the extinction protocol, and on the age and strength of a memory. 相似文献
233.
The progressive demasking (PDM) task is a perceptual identification task using degraded stimulus presentation procedures, but with the advantage of providing response time (RT) measures on each trial. Participants simply press a response button whenever they recognize a word. In this article, we present newly developed, easy-to-use freeware for PDM. Considering the difficulty of programming such a paradigm with standard experimental software, we developed a program based on high-level C libraries to be executed on Windows XP computers. The program execution is millisecond accurate forRT measurements and generates the fewest possible display duration errors. 相似文献
234.
The authors investigated how expert dancers achieve accurate timing under various conditions. They designed the conditions to interfere with the dancers' attention to time and to test the explanation of the interference effect provided in the attentional model of time processing. Participants were 17 expert contemporary dancers who performed a freely chosen duration while walking and executing a bilateral cyclic arm movement over a given distance. The dancers reproduced that duration in different situations of interference. The process yielded temporal overproductions, validating the attentional model and extending its application to expert populations engaged in complex motor situations. The finding that the greatest overproduction occurred in the transfer-with-improvisation condition suggests that improvisation within a time deadline requires specific training. 相似文献
235.
Handgraaf MJ Van Dijk E Vermunt RC Wilke HA De Dreu CK 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,95(5):1136-1149
The authors investigate the effect of power differences and associated expectations in social decision making. Using a modified ultimatum game, the authors show that allocators lower their offers to recipients when the power difference shifts in favor of the allocator. Remarkably, however, when recipients are completely powerless, offers increase. This effect is mediated by a change in framing of the situation: When the opponent is without power, feelings of social responsibility are evoked. On the recipient side, the authors show that recipients do not anticipate these higher outcomes resulting from powerlessness. They prefer more power over less, expecting higher outcomes when they are more powerful, especially when less power entails powerlessness. Results are discussed in relation to empathy gaps and social responsibility. 相似文献
236.
Joël Bradmetz 《Axiomathes》2002,13(2):127-146
Beyond their linguistic and rhetorical uses, the mental epistemic verbs to knowand to believe reveal a basic conceptual system for human intentionality and the theory of representational mind. Numerous studies, particularly
in the field of child development, have been devoted to the conditions under which knowledge and belief are acquired. Upstream
of this empirical approach, this paper proposes a topological model of the conceptual structure underlying the linguistic
use of to know and to believe. A cusp model of catastrophe theory is chosen to model the formation of epistemic states. Its main characteristic is considering
to believe as an intermediate state which lacks stability and presents the delayed effect of hysteresis. The attribution of mental states
to the other (viewpoint of the third person) is obtained by the crossing of first and third person knowledge and belief, which
gives rise to new categories (to know if and to falsely believe) and closes the system. Another merging of the beliefs of persons A and B, using the butterfly catastrophe, provides a model
of interpersonal belief appreciated by an independent observer along a potential evolving from agreement to disagreement.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
237.
238.
Applied Research in Quality of Life - Cars represent a valuable real asset that most individuals use on a daily basis. Although cars are a form of material prosperity like income and other forms of... 相似文献
239.
Craig A. Mason Ana Mari Cauce Nancy Gonzales Yumi Hiraga 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(6):723-743
Examined the effect of peer problem behavior, the absence of a father or equivalent in the home, and the mother-adolescent
relationship as predictors of adolescent problem behavior in a sample of 112 African American adolescents. Statistical analyses
compared a moderator model to a mediational model and a cumulative risk model. As predicted, the moderator model was superior
to the alternative models. Specifically, whereas the mediational model predicted that the effect of father absence and the
mother-child relationship upon adolescent problem behavior would be mediated by peer problem behavior, neither effected peer
problem behavior or adolescent problem behavior. Similarly, a cumulative risk index did not predict either child or parent
reports of problem behavior and was not sensitive to specific contingencies that existed between the predictor variables.
In contrast, an interactive, moderator model described the data quite well. This model suggested that father or equivalent
absence magnifies the negative impact of peer problem behavior, while a positive mother-adolescent relationship attenuates
this risk. A strong mother-adolescent relationship also served to protect adolescents in father-absent homes from the risk
of peer problem behavior.
This research was supported by a grant (NICHHD: HD24056) awarded to A. M. Cauce. The authors thank Nydia Ordonez, Tanya Aguilar,
and Laurie Deppman for their assistance on the project, and Cliff Lunneberg for suggestions regarding resampling procedures.
Portions of this paper were presented at the meetings of the Western Psychological Association, April 1992. 相似文献
240.
William Yee Susan Holleran Mari Riess Jones 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(4):461-471
In two experiments, the performance of listeners with different amounts of musical training (high skill, low skill) was examined in a two-alternative forced choice time-detection task involving simple five-cycle acoustic sequences. In each of a series of trials, all listeners determined which of two pattern cycles contained a small time change. Sequence context was also varied (regular vs. irregular timing). In Experiment 1, in which context was manipulated as a between-subjects variable, high-skill listeners performed significantly better than low-skill listeners only with regular patterns. In Experiment 2, in which context was manipulated as a within-subjects variable, the only significant source of variance was pattern context: All listeners were better at detecting time changes in regular than in irregular patterns. The results are considered in light of several hypotheses, including the expectancy/contrast model (Jones & Boltz, 1989). 相似文献