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71.
Zandrè Bruwer Ursula Algar Alvera Vorster Karen Fieggen Alan Davidson Paul Goldberg Helen Wainwright Rajkumar Ramesar 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(2):147-155
Biallelic germline mutations in mismatch repair genes predispose to constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome (CMMR-D). The condition is characterized by a broad spectrum of early-onset tumors, including hematological, brain and bowel and is frequently associated with features of Neurofibromatosis type 1. Few definitive screening recommendations have been suggested and no published reports have described predictive testing. We report on the first case of predictive testing for CMMR-D following the identification of two non-consanguineous parents, with the same heterozygous mutation in MLH1: c.1528C > T. The genetic counseling offered to the family, for their two at-risk daughters, is discussed with a focus on the ethical considerations of testing children for known cancer-causing variants. The challenges that are encountered when reporting on heterozygosity in a child younger than 18 years (disclosure of carrier status and risk for Lynch syndrome), when discovered during testing for homozygosity, are addressed. In addition, the identification of CMMR-D in a three year old, and the recommended clinical surveillance that was proposed for this individual is discussed. Despite predictive testing and presymptomatic screening, the sudden death of the child with CMMR-D syndrome occurred 6 months after her last surveillance MRI. This report further highlights the difficulty of developing guidelines, as a result of the rarity of cases and diversity of presentation. 相似文献
72.
Jais Adam-Troian Pascal Wagner-Egger Matt Motyl Thomas Arciszewski Roland Imhoff Felix Zimmer Olivier Klein Maria Babinska Adrian Bangerter Michal Bilewicz Nebojša Blanuša Kosta Bovan Rumena Bužarovska Aleksandra Cichocka Elif Çelebi Sylvain Delouvée Karen M. Douglas Asbjørn Dyrendal Biljana Gjoneska Sylvie Graf Estrella Gualda Gilad Hirschberger Anna Kende Peter Krekó Andre Krouwel Pia Lamberty Silvia Mari Jasna Milosevic Maria Serena Panasiti Myrto Pantazi Ljupcho Petkovski Giuseppina Porciello J. P. Prims André Rabelo Michael Schepisi Robbie M. Sutton Viren Swami Hulda Thórisdóttir Vladimir Turjačanin Iris Zezelj Jan-Willem van Prooijen 《Political psychology》2021,42(4):597-618
Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g., religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation-level analyses of data from 25, 19, and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between masculinity, collectivism, and CT beliefs. A cross-sectional study among U.S. citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual-level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta-analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, collectivism, r = .31, 95% CI = [.15; .47], and masculinity, r = .39, 95% CI = [.18; .59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs. 相似文献
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74.
ulc Michal Hughes Anna E. Mari Lisandrina Troscianko Jolyon Tomek Oldich Albrecht Tom Jelnek Vclav 《Animal cognition》2022,25(4):991-1002
Animal Cognition - Egg rejection is a crucial defence strategy against brood parasitism that requires the host to correctly recognise the foreign egg. Rejection behaviour has, thus, evolved in many... 相似文献
75.
Beijersbergen MD Juffer F Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ van Ijzendoorn MH 《Developmental psychology》2012,48(5):1277-1282
In a longitudinal study with 125 early adopted adolescents, we examined continuity of attachment from infancy to adolescence and the role of parental sensitive support in explaining continuity or discontinuity of attachment. Assessments of maternal sensitive support and infant attachment (Strange Situation Procedure) were completed when infants were 12 months old. When the children were 14 years old, we observed mothers' sensitive support during a conflict discussion. The adolescents' attachment representations were assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview. Mothers of secure adolescents showed significantly more sensitive support during conflicts than did mothers of insecure adolescents. Overall, no continuity of attachment from infancy to adolescence was found. However, maternal sensitive support in early childhood and adolescence predicted continuity of secure attachment from 1 to 14 years, whereas less maternal sensitive support in early childhood but more maternal sensitive support in adolescence predicted children's change from insecurity in infancy to security in adolescence. We conclude that both early and later parental sensitive support are important for continuity of attachment across the first 14 years of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
76.
The authors investigated the effects of perspective taking on opinions about reparations for victims of historical harm. In two studies, they showed that when non-Indigenous Australians took an Indigenous Australian perspective, this increased perceived entitlement to, and decreased anger toward, monetary compensation. Moreover, perceived entitlement mediated the relationship between anger about monetary compensation and perspective taking. Study 2 demonstrated the mutual influence of emotions and perceived entitlement. In particular, self-image shame rather than group-based guilt or anger predicted support for reparation when an Indigenous Australian perspective was adopted. The results suggest that taking the perspective of people who have experienced harm from one's own group can bolster a commitment to positive social change in relation to a pressing social issue. 相似文献
77.
78.
Børge Sivertsen Mari Hysing Eike Wehling Ståle Pallesen Inger Hilde Nordhus Thomas Espeseth 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(1):34-48
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine daytime performance in older adults fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV Insomnia, using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, and to compare these objective findings with measures of self-reported cognitive functioning. A total of 121 participants (69% women) with a mean age of 64.0 were part of a thorough neuropsychological examination at a University-based neuropsychological clinic in Western Norway. Twenty-five percent of the participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for insomnia. In sum, the insomnia patients were not different from the good sleepers on any neuropsychological test measure, and none of the results on the performance measures were associated with the sleep-related daytime complaints. However, the insomniacs did rate their subjective memory performance as significantly worse than the good sleepers, and they also reported more depressive symptoms. We conclude that DSM-IV defined insomnia was not associated with any performance based measure; only with self-reported symptoms. 相似文献
79.
Mari Ruti Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(5):637-660
Freud's theory of melancholia has lately experienced a renaissance among those interested in the creative potentialities of the psyche. In this essay, I consider the ways in which melancholia can contribute to the actualization of these potentialities by preparing the ground in which inspiration can later take root. I also outline the circumstances in which the melancholy subject's refusal to abandon its lost objects represents an entirely valid response to loss. At the same time, I propose that if the subject is to develop an affirmative and imaginatively supple relationship to its psychic history, it must in the end move from melancholia to meaning production. Insofar as melancholia signals the psyche's inability or stubborn unwillingness to move forward, its powers by necessity remain dormant until the subject is able to exchange its sadness for the versatile meaning-making capacities of the signifier. I moreover argue that it is only when the subject is able to transcend its melancholia enough to begin to desire new objects that it can develop loving and responsible relationships with others—that it can begin to welcome others in their own terms rather than reducing them to its own narcissistic image. 相似文献
80.
Carelyn van der Walt Marié P. Wissing Michael Q. Temane 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2013,23(1):155-166
The research aims were to compile and validate a multi-dimensional coping measure, taking African-centred coping behaviour into consideration. In a pilot study the Setswana-COPE (S-COPE) and the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory (ACSI) were administered to Setswana-speaking participants (N = 274). Selected items from these measures were combined into a single 35-item measure, the N-COPE, which was administered to another group of Setswana-speaking participants (N = 1050) together with a number of measures of psychological well-being. Reliability coefficients yielded a Cronbach alpha of.74 for the N-COPE total. Criterion-related validity was determined by correlating the N-COPE with other measures of psychological well-being. It was concluded that the N-COPE showed promising results for use in this context, but further refinement and validation is necessary. 相似文献