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991.
Childhood physical and sexual abuse in depressed patients with single and multiple suicide attempts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research has shown both childhood physical and sexual abuse to be associated with later suicide attempts, although some studies have not supported these findings. However, few studies have investigated differences in physical and sexual abuse histories among single and multiple suicide attempters. The goals of the current study were two-fold: (a) to replicate previous findings of associations between childhood sexual and physical abuse and suicide attempts, and (b) to explore differences in reports of childhood physical and sexual abuse among single and multiple suicide attempters. While our results supported the findings that individuals with a history of suicide attempts are more likely to report histories of childhood physical and sexual abuse, we did not find a difference in reported abuse between single and multiple suicide attempters. Implications of these findings, as well as implications for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
992.
This study investigated potential differences between expert and lay knowledge of factors influencing witness suggestibility. Expert psychologists (N = 58), jurors (N = 157), and jury‐eligible undergraduates (N = 220) estimated the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy for three age groups in various conditions. Respondents possessed similar knowledge of age‐related trends in suggestibility, the positive effects of a pre‐misinformation warning, and the negative influence of longer delays between the event/misinformation and event/final memory test. Compared to experts, laypeople underestimated the size of suggestibility differences between age groups and lacked knowledge about how event detail centrality, witness participation, and source prestige can increase witness suggestibility. Laypeople rated themselves as being largely unfamiliar with witness suggestibility research and thought that expert testimony would be beneficial. These data shed light on the potential helpfulness of expert testimony in cases involving witness suggestibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Margaret L. Williams Michael A. McDaniel Lucy R. Ford 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(3):429-459
We conducted meta-analyses of multiple dimensions of compensation satisfaction. An examination of 213 samples from 182 studies
yielded several interesting findings of importance to practice and future research. We examined the relationships among four
dimensions of compensation satisfaction (pay level, pay raises, benefit level, pay structure and administration satisfaction),
and found that the three dimensions related to direct pay are highly related to one another. The relationships between benefits
and the three direct pay dimensions were modest. We also analyzed antecedents, correlates, and consequences of the four compensation
satisfaction dimensions. The antecedents of pay raise satisfaction have received the most attention, and our results indicate
that both perceptual (e.g., perceptions of the basis for a pay raise) and objective (i.e., the amount of the pay raise) antecedents
play roles in determining pay raise satisfaction. Previous research on the relationship between employee costs for benefits
and benefit satisfaction have been inconclusive. The meta-analysis yields a modest, negative relationship between employee
costs and benefit satisfaction. Additional results provide the foundation for our discussion of the current state of research
in these areas, recommendations for practice, and suggestions for future research. 相似文献
994.
Margaret Gatz 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(3):123-127
ABSTRACT— Whether or not an individual develops dementia is powerfully influenced by genes. For Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia, one susceptibility gene with major effects has been identified, but progress finding other susceptibility genes has stalled. Twin studies have revealed that nongenetic risk also plays an important role, as there are many monozygotic twin pairs in which only one individual has dementia. Scientists have argued that gene-by-environment interactions will be key to understanding vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease; but to date, few substantial gene-by-environment interactions have been replicated. Often, too, the nongenetic or lifestyle factor appears to have a protective effect only for those individuals not carrying the risky version of the gene, not for those individuals who are at genetic risk. 相似文献
995.
School-wide, selective, and individual positive behavioral supports are critical elements of a comprehensive, tiered model
of service delivery. Positive peer reporting (PPR) involves brief, highly structured sessions during which peers are provided
the opportunity to praise the behavior of target students. PPR procedures were modified in this study to provide all children
in a classroom the opportunity to provide or receive peer praise. The effects of class-wide PPR on teacher-recorded critical
events were evaluated using a multiple baseline design across two classrooms. Results indicated marginal improvement across
the two settings, as well as supplemental measures of behavior outside of the classroom and class-wide sociometric nominations.
Implications for future research and emerging models of school-wide PBS are discussed. 相似文献
996.
997.
Links between behavioral regulation and preschoolers' literacy, vocabulary, and math skills 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
McClelland MM Cameron CE Connor CM Farris CL Jewkes AM Morrison FJ 《Developmental psychology》2007,43(4):947-959
This study investigated predictive relations between preschoolers' (N=310) behavioral regulation and emergent literacy, vocabulary, and math skills. Behavioral regulation was assessed using a direct measure called the Head-to-Toes Task, which taps inhibitory control, attention, and working memory, and requires children to perform the opposite of what is instructed verbally. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was utilized because children were nested in 54 classrooms at 2 geographical sites. Results revealed that behavioral regulation significantly and positively predicted fall and spring emergent literacy, vocabulary, and math skills on the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement (all ps<.05). Moreover, growth in behavioral regulation predicted growth in emergent literacy, vocabulary, and math skills over the prekindergarten year (all ps<.05), after controlling for site, child gender, and other background variables. Discussion focuses on the role of behavioral regulation in early academic achievement and preparedness for kindergarten. 相似文献
998.
Shapiro M 《Family process》2007,46(3):279-291
This article addresses the therapeutic importance of discussing money at every stage of a couple's relationship, both as a concrete reality and as a metaphor for security, adequacy, competence, commitment, acceptance, and acknowledgment in a relationship. I will present a developmental schema looking at financial issues that couples confront at various stages in the adult life cycle and how these affect and reflect relationship problems. The article also presents a money questionnaire as a useful tool for exploring family-of-origin financial history, affect, and behavior. 相似文献
999.
Skeem J Johansson P Andershed H Kerr M Louden JE 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(2):395-409
Although psychopathy usually is treated as a unitary construct, a seminal theory posits that there are 2 variants: Primary psychopathy is underpinned by an inherited affective deficit, whereas secondary psychopathy reflects an acquired affective disturbance. The authors investigated whether psychopathy phenotypically may be disaggregated into such types in a sample of 367 prison inmates convicted of violent crimes. Model-based cluster analysis of the Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 2003) and trait anxiety scores in the psychopathic subgroup (n = 123; PCL-R > or = 29) revealed 2 clusters. Relative to primary psychopaths, secondary psychopaths had greater trait anxiety, fewer psychopathic traits, and comparable levels of antisocial behavior. Across validation variables, secondary psychopaths manifested more borderline personality features, poorer interpersonal functioning (e.g., irritability, withdrawal, poor assertiveness), and more symptoms of major mental disorder than primary psychopaths. When compared with the nonpsychopathic subgroup (n = 243), the 2 psychopathic variants manifested a theoretically coherent pattern of differences. Implications for etiological research and violence prevention are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Margaret Wills 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(3):423-436
The complex process of health has, until recently, been understood devoid of a spiritual component. The present article offers
a model of health inclusive of spirituality with implications for the health communication field. Amending the assumptive
non-relevance of spirituality to individual health, a growing body of scholarship in various disciplines recognizes the ways
in which spirituality connects to overall wellness. As a whole, this literature equates spirituality with seeking, striving,
and forward movement. Given the potential for health communication scholars to make significant contributions at the forefront
of this research, this article proposes a dynamic model of health inclusive not only of the physical and mental, but of the
spiritual as well. Recognizing its centrality to wellbeing, the model locates the spiritual self at the center. Specifically, the spiritual self is described as engaging action, hope, and connection to self, others, and/or the universe. 相似文献