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91.
Giovanello KS Verfaellie M Keane MM 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2003,3(3):186-194
In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that medial temporal lobe (MTL) amnesic patients and, likewise, diencephalic
(DNC) amnesic patients evidence a disproportionate deficit in memory for associations in comparison with memory for single
items. In Experiment 1, we equated item recognition in amnesic and control participants and found that, under these conditions,
associative recognition remained impaired both for MTL patients and for DNC patients. To rule out an alternative interpretation
of the results of Experiment 1, in Experiment 2 we compared the performance of amnesic and control participants on a one-item
recognition task and a two-item recognition task that required no memory for the association between members of word pairs.
In the MTL group, when single-item recognition was equated to that of the controls, two-item nonassociative pair memory was
equivalent as well. In the DNC group, nonassociative pair memory was impaired, but this impairment did not fully account for
the impairment in associative memory. These findings indicate that memory for novel associations between items is disproportionately
impaired in comparison with memory for single items in amnesia. 相似文献
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Margaret Olivia Little 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》1999,2(3):295-312
In this article, I urge that mainstream discussions of abortion are dissatisfying in large part because they proceed in polite abstraction from the distinctive circumstances and meanings of gestation. Such discussions, in fact, apply to abortion conceptual tools that were designed on the premiss that people are physically demarcated, even as gestation is marked by a thorough-going intertwinement. We cannot fully appreciate what is normatively at stake with legally forcing continued gestation, or again how to discuss moral responsibilities to continue gestating, until we appreciate in their own terms the goods and evils distinctive of gestational connection. To underscore the need to explore further the meanings of gestation, I provide two examples of the difference it might make to legal and moral discussions of abortion if we appreciate more fully that gestation is an intimacy. 相似文献
94.
Anxiety disorders, the 2nd most common type of mental disorders, are among the most frequently missed or misdiagnosed disorders (Frances & Ross, 1996). Once they are diagnosed, effective treatments exist for them. This article provides a review of current knowledge on the assessment and diagnosis of anxiety disorders classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Emphasis is on the recognition of anxiety as a dominant symptom, frameworks for determining specific anxiety disorders, and patterns of comorbidity. 相似文献
95.
Margaret W. Matlin 《Psychology of women quarterly》1989,13(3):245-261
A 38-item questionnaire was sent to 440 instructors of psychology of women courses; 230 surveys were returned. This article examines characteristics of people who teach courses in psychology of women, characteristics of their institutions, characteristics of the course itself, and the instructors' reactions to the course. Among the findings are: (a) instructors in this course vary greatly in the number of years they have taught the course and in their area of graduate training; (b) few instructors had taken a formal course in psychology of women; (c) the course is usually a highly emotional one; and (d) almost all instructors enjoyed teaching the psychology of women course more than their other courses. 相似文献
96.
Salience network response to changes in emotional expressions of others is heightened during early adolescence: relevance for social functioning 下载免费PDF全文
Maya L. Rosen Margaret A. Sheridan Kelly A. Sambrook Meg J. Dennison Jessica L. Jenness Mary K. Askren Andrew N. Meltzoff Katie A. McLaughlin 《Developmental science》2018,21(3)
Adolescence is a unique developmental period when the salience of social and emotional information becomes particularly pronounced. Although this increased sensitivity to social and emotional information has frequently been considered with respect to risk behaviors and psychopathology, evidence suggests that increased adolescent sensitivity to social and emotional cues may confer advantages. For example, greater sensitivity to shifts in the emotions of others is likely to promote flexible and adaptive social behavior. In this study, a sample of 54 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) performed a delayed match‐to‐sample task for emotional faces while undergoing fMRI scanning. Recruitment of the anterior cingulate and anterior insula when the emotion of the probe face did not match the emotion held in memory followed a quadratic developmental pattern that peaked during early adolescence. These findings indicate meaningful developmental variation in the neural mechanisms underlying sensitivity to changes in the emotional expressions. Across all participants, greater activation of this network for changes in emotional expression was associated with less social anxiety and fewer social problems. These results suggest that the heightened salience of social and emotional information during adolescence may confer important advantages for social behavior, providing sensitivity to others’ emotions that facilitates flexible social responding. 相似文献
97.
Paternal Caregivers’ Parenting Practices and Psychological Functioning among African American Youth Living in Urban Public Housing 下载免费PDF全文
Otima Doyle Trenette Clark Goings Qiana R. Cryer‐Coupet Margaret Lombe Jennifer Stephens Von E. Nebbitt 《Family process》2017,56(3):752-765
Structural factors associated with public housing contribute to living environments that expose families to adverse life events that may in turn directly impact parenting and youth outcomes. However, despite the growth in research on fathers, research on families in public housing has practically excluded fathers and the role fathers play in the well‐being of their adolescents. Using a sample of 660 African American adolescents recruited from public housing, we examined the relationship between paternal caregivers’ (i.e., fathers’ and father figures’) parenting practices and adolescents’ depressive symptoms, attitudes toward deviance, and self‐efficacy. Using a latent profile analysis (LPA), we confirmed a four‐class model of paternal parenting practices ranging from high to low levels of monitoring and encouragement. Results from a one‐way ANOVA indicated that paternal caregivers with high (compared to moderate) levels of encouragement and monitoring were associated with youth who reported less depressive symptoms, higher levels of self‐efficacy, and less favorable attitudes toward deviance. Discriminant analysis results indicated that approximately half of the sample were correctly classified into two paternal caregiver classes. The findings provide evidence that some of these caregivers engage in parenting practices that support youths’ psychological functioning. More research is needed to determine what accounts for the variability in levels of paternal encouragement and supervision, including environmental influences, particularly for paternal caregivers exhibiting moderate‐to‐low levels of paternal encouragement and monitoring. 相似文献
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The narratives of those with hepatitis C were viewed through the lens of Corbin and Strauss' [Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1988). Unending work and care: Managing chronic illness at home. The Jossey-Bass health series and The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.] self-management model for chronic illness, using qualitative methodology. Fifteen Australian hepatitis C positive interviewees described the challenges and turning points in adjusting to their diagnosis. The data were analysed using open- and closed-coding methods. Support was found for a self-management model encompassing medical, emotional and life role facets for those adjusting to life with hepatitis C. Unique challenges emerged beyond those described by Corbin and Strauss (1988), namely that disclosure impacted both positively and negatively on the tasks of self-management. It was concluded that self-management may be compromised by disclosure, particularly distress derived from hepatitis C-related stigma. The self-management tasks described contribute to broadening clinicians' understanding of the challenges faced by those living with hepatitis C. 相似文献