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61.
Patrick J. Carroll Robert M. Arkin Steven D. Seidel John Morris 《Motivation and emotion》2009,33(4):373-386
Typically, people rate enhancement needs as more important than security needs to their well-being. Two studies tested whether
event valence and prior trauma moderate relative need importance. Traumatized (hurricane survivors) and non-traumatized (control)
participants recalled the most “distressing” (security-relevant) or “satisfying” (enhancement-relevant) event they had recently
experienced and rated the importance of 10 needs in defining the event. In both studies, event valence moderated relative
need importance on explicit (salience) and implicit (affect) measures as enhancement needs were more important for enhancement-relevant
(satisfying) events whereas security needs were more important for security-relevant (distressing) events. However, results
also suggest that differences in traumatic experience across samples moderated the effect of event valence on relative need
importance. Unlike non-traumatized (control) participants, traumatized (hurricane survivors) participants did not reassign
greater importance to enhancement over security needs when event valence shifted to enhancement-relevant (satisfying) memories.
We close by discussing implications for human motivation. 相似文献
62.
Bryan E. Robinson Claudia Flowers Jane Carroll 《International journal of stress management》2001,8(2):165-175
Using structural equation modeling the relationship of work stress and marital cohesion was empirically investigated. It was hypothesized that work stress would have an inverse relationship with marital cohesion. Participants were a random sample of 326 adult females who were members of the American Counseling Association. The results of the data-model fit analyses support the hypothesized relationship. The coefficient of determination for the structural equation was 0.60 indicating a substantial degree of explanation for the relationship tested. Implications of these findings for future research are presented. 相似文献
63.
Noël Carroll 《美学与艺术评论杂志》2001,59(3):313-316
64.
This article describes the initial translation and validation of the Spanish version of the RELATionshhip Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire with a sample of monolingual English speakers (n = 78), a sample of monolingual Spanish speakers (n = 18), and two samples of Spanish/English Bilinguals (n = 27 and n = 34). Cross-cultural and cross-language equivalence of the Spanish version of RELATE to the original English version were assessed using a Modified Serial Approach (MSA) for instrument translation. Face and content validity of the Spanish RELATE were established. Test-retest reliability indices obtained with the translated version among the monolingual and bilingual Spanish speaking groups were consistently equivalent to, and in some cases higher than, the baseline reliability obtained with the monolingual English speaking group. Applications of the Spanish version of RELATE and use of the MSA for researchers and practitioners are presented. 相似文献
65.
Joseph C. Carroll 《Aggressive behavior》1977,3(3):289-299
This paper examines the contention that family violence is passed down from generation to generation. The sample was primarily nonclinical and was composed of 14 clients of community guidance clinics and 82 members of a randomly selected control group. The primary hypothesis that individuals who are exposed to a high degree of physical punishment as children are more likely to resort to family violence as adults was supported. Studies of the modeling of aggression were examined to suggest factors which may mediate the hypothesized relationship. It was found that respondents who had grown up in an environment characterized by either low family warmth or high stress in combination with exposure to a high degree of parental punishment were more likely to use physical punishment in their own families. Also, family violence was more likely to be transmitted in same-sex rather than cross-sex linkages. 相似文献
66.
67.
Understanding utterances in conversations requires a listener to weigh the disparate pieces of information present in a discourse. In this study, we examined how right hemisphere brain-damaged (RHD) patients and non-brain-damaged control subjects interpreted responses to questions concerning the location of a person (e.g., "Where's Dad?"). Stimulus vignettes included variation on three factors relevant to discourse comprehension: the mood of a speaker, the plausibility of the answer to a question, and whether the answer contained an anaphoric pronoun linking the response to the preceding question. Relative to the control subjects, the RHD patients made greater than normal use of the presence/absence of an anaphoric pronoun in their utterance interpretations, less than normal use of the speaker's mood, and marginally less than normal use of a response's plausibility. These data show how RHD patients rely on their largely intact linguistic abilities when understanding discourse and how their comprehension goes awry due to their reduced appreciation of other essential aspects of natural communication. The discussion focuses on the variable roles of speaker mood, plausibility, and pronoun anaphora in supporting inferences about a speaker's intended meaning and on the selective nature of RHD patients' impairment in this domain. 相似文献
68.
Sydney Carroll Thomas 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1996,74(6):529-536
Traditional organismic age-stage theories of development have recently fallen into disrepute because of their failure to adequately explain research understandings of human development. Currently, new contextualist approaches are being advanced to rectify this problem. This article reviews the key assumptions of 2 new contextualist theories (constructivism and interactionism), examines the claims of these new contextualisms, and offers suggestions as to how a sociological analysis of human development can remedy some of the major theoretical failings while building on the basic strengths. The article concludes with a discussion of how a critical contextualism might inform the practice of counselors. 相似文献
69.
J. Douglas Carroll 《Psychometrika》1995,60(3):371-374
A theorem is proved stating that the set of all minimax links, defined as links minimizing, over paths, the maximum length of links in any path connecting a pair of objects comprising nodes in an undirected weighted graph, comprise the union of all minimum spanning trees of that graph. This theorem is related to methods of fitting network models to dissimilarity data, particularly a method called Pathfinder due to Schvaneveldt and his colleagues, as well as to single linkage clustering, and results concerning the relationship between minimum spanning trees and single linkage hierarchical trees.Acknowledgments: The author thanks Phipps Arabie, Lawrence J. Hubert, and K. Christoph Klauer for a number of helpful suggestions and comments on various aspects of this paper. 相似文献
70.
Kathleen M. Carroll 《Psychological science》1997,8(3):190-193
Abstract— The work of Baker and his colleagues indicates that a broadened view of withdrawal that recognizes its probable affective bases will suggest new treatment strategies for the treatment of smoking and, by extension, drug dependence. This commentary briefly reviews the current status of treating drug dependence by addressing negative affect and emphasizes that clinical research which allows for building more complex models, of individual change over time holds promise for clearer understanding of the role of negative affect among drug abusers and thus more effective treatments. Although clinical treatments for drug dependence have long recognized the significance of negative affect we are far from a thorough understanding of the role of negative affect in withdrawal, craving, and relapse to drug use. 相似文献