Undecidability,incompleteness and Arnol'd problems

We present some recent technical results of us on the incompleteness of classical analysis and then discuss our work on the Arnol'd decision problems for the stability of fixed points of dynamical systems.Partially supported by FAPESP and CNP_q (Brazil, Philosophy Section).     

HUSSERL'S PHENOMENOLOGY AND WEYL'S PREDICTIVISM

In this paper I discuss the version of predicative analysis put forward by Hermann Weyl in Das Kontinuum. I try to establish how much of the underlying motivation for Weyl's position may be due to his acceptance of a phenomenological philosophical perspective. More specifically, I analyze Weyl's philosophical ideas in connexion with the work of Husserl, in particular Logische Untersuchungen} and Ideen .I believe that this interpretation of Weyl can clarify the views on mathematical existence and mathematical intuition which are implicit in Das Kontinuum.     

ROLE DU PARTENAIRE ADULTE DANS LA GENESE DE LA COMMUNICATION: LES PRINCIPAUX COURANTS THEORIQUES

According to some authors, socialisation explains the emergence and development of communicative behavior. Other authors think that this development is an autonomous process: either because communication and even sociability exist per se and are innate activities of the infant, or because the development of communication is an aspect of cognitive development. Up to the present time the experiments and observations do not lend support to one hypothesis over the other: there are strong arguments in both directions, without them being definitive. Two approaches seem suited to establish the range and restriction of these different theoretical points of view: a systematic analysis of the reciprocal roles of the adult and the infant during interaction and the study of the influence of certain characteristics of the family or institutional milieu on the communicative behavior of the infant.     

MOTIVATIONAL FORCES OF COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE1

Etude expérimentale des effets de dissonance et de réactance sous trois conditions : (1) choix et restriction partielle de liberté; (2) aucun choix et restriction partielle de liberté; (3) aucun choix et restriction totale de liberté. Selon L'hypothèse principale, une fois la décision prise, et pour des Ss qui sont libres de choisir entre les possibilités existantes, les mécanismes de réduction de la dissonance prédomineraient sur les effets de réactance provoqués par la restriction de liberté. Les résultats confirment cette hypothèse. L'expérience a également pour but de vérifier dans un milieu culturel différent les assertions de ces deux théories de la motivation. Les résultats confirment les prédictions, pertinentes pour la situation expérimentale, de la théorie de dissonance, et donnent, pour la condition (2) (aucun choix et restriction partielle de liberté), quelques preuves de réactance psychologique.     

A controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural and behavioural treatment of anorexia nervosa

This study was undertaken to investigate whether a cognitive-behavioural treatment procedure was superior to a standard behavioural treatment, in the outpatient therapy of patients with anorexia nervosa. The two treatments were also compared with a control treatment procedure consisting of routine outpatient management. Each group consisted of eight subjects. All the groups showed some improvement, but the findings did not provide support for the prediction that cognitive-behavioural treatment, designed specifically to manipulate both attitudes and behaviour, was superior to the other types of treatment. The implications of the findings are considered.     

The structure and correlates of self-reported symptoms in 11-year-old children

Self-reports of DSM-III symptomatology were obtained from 792 11-year-old children using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC). We report results concerning 13 subscales derived from the DISC. Factor-analysis of the subscales suggested a broad distinction between externalizing and internalizing disorder for boys' self-report. For girls, two separate internalizing factors representing anxiety and depression emerged. We also found sex differences in correlates of self-reported disorder. Finally, we examined agreement between child and parent and teacher reports. Overall, agreement was relatively low, although somewhat higher for child-parent than for child-teacher.The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit is supported by the Medical Research Council of New Zealand and the Departments of Education and Health, and involves several departments of the University of Otago. Much of the data are gathered by voluntary workers from the Dunedin community. The authors are indebted to the many people whose contributions make this ongoing study possible.     

Looks like a liar? Beliefs about native and non-native speakers' deception

We examined whether observers' beliefs about deception were affected by a speaker's language proficiency. Laypersons (N = 105) and police officers (N = 75) indicated which nonverbal and verbal behaviors were predictive of native versus non-native speakers' deception. In addition, they provided their beliefs about these speakers' interrogation experiences. Participants believed that native and non-native speakers would exhibit the same cues to deception. However, they did predict that non-native speakers would likely face several challenges during interrogations (e.g., longer interrogations and difficulties understanding the interrogator's questions). Police officers and laypersons also differed in their beliefs about cues to deception and interrogation experiences.