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141.
Plowes Nicola Du Yu Congdon Jenna V. Bulitko Vadim Soares Everton S. Spetch Marcia L. 《Animal cognition》2019,22(1):35-47
Animal Cognition - Veromessor pergandei harvester ants are group foragers which use a combination of social cues (pheromone-marked columns) and individual cues (e.g., self-generated movement,... 相似文献
142.
Michael. T. McKay Frank. C. Worrell Urka Zivkovic Elizabeth Temple Zena. R. Mello Bojan Musil Jon C. Cole James R. Andretta John L. Perry 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(6):775-785
Time perspective research assesses the degree to which thoughts and feelings about the past, present and future influence behaviour, and a balanced time perspective profile has been posited as being ideal. Although this area of research has seen a move towards person‐centred analyses, using either cluster analyses or a deviation from balanced time perspective (DBTP) approach, there are a number of theoretical and methodological issues that must be addressed. Using data from diverse samples in four countries, the present study used both cluster analyses and the DBTP approach to assess how cluster membership and DBTP scores related to a range of health and well‐being outcomes. As in previous studies, a balanced profile only emerged once in cluster analyses, and positive‐oriented profiles were associated with optimal outcomes. The study also found evidence of a relationship between DBTP scores and scores on well‐being indicators. However, results gained after manipulating the DBTP equation in two different ways again indicated that higher than expected positive past and present or past and future scores were responsible for the positive outcomes. As such, these findings raise concerns regarding the use of the DBTP construct within clinical settings. 相似文献
143.
Memory for the location of a briefly presented target is often distorted in systematic ways. When people remember dot locations
within a circular space, they typically show memory biases that appear to reflect a categorical strategy. However, memory
for a target location can also be biased toward visible markers or landmarks. In the present study, we investigated the interaction
of categorical and landmark effects by providing sectioning lines in a circular space. In the absence of lines, response biases
showed categorical effects, whereas in the presence of lines, response biases suggested that participants used a landmark-based
scheme. Possible relations between the strategies are discussed. 相似文献
144.
Iordanescu L Guzman-Martinez E Grabowecky M Suzuki S 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(3):548-554
In a natural environment, objects that we look for often make characteristic sounds. A hiding cat may meow, or the keys in
the cluttered drawer may jingle when moved. Using a visual search paradigm, we demonstrated that characteristic sounds facilitated
visual localization of objects, even when the sounds carried no location information. For example, finding a cat was faster
when participants heard a meow sound. In contrast, sounds had no effect when participants searched for names rather than pictures
of objects. For example, hearing “meow” did not facilitate localization of the word cat. These results suggest that characteristic sounds cross-modally enhance visual (rather than conceptual) processing of the
corresponding objects. Our behavioral demonstration of object-based cross-modal enhancement complements the extensive literature
on space-based cross-modal interactions. When looking for your keys next time, you might want to play jingling sounds. 相似文献
145.
In this study, we examined the internal consistency and the structural validity of scores on the African Self-Consciousness Scale (ASCS), the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI), and the Cross Racial Identity Scale (CRIS). Participants consisted of 225 African American college students--75 attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) and 150 attending historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Internal consistency estimates were above .60 for scores on one ASCS subscale, six MIBI subscales, and six CRIS subscales. Exploratory factor analytic procedures supported a two-factor structure for ASCS scores, a five-factor structure for MIBI scores, and a six-factor structure for CRIS scores. Implications for Black racial identity and scale development are discussed. 相似文献
146.
Sturge-Apple ML Davies PT Winter MA Cummings EM Schermerhorn A 《Developmental psychology》2008,44(6):1678-1690
This study examined how children's insecure internal representations of interparental and parent-child relationships served as explanatory mechanisms in multiple pathways linking interparental conflict and parent emotional unavailability with the emotional and classroom engagement difficulties the children had in their adjustment to school. With their parents, 229 kindergarten children (127 girls and 102 boys, mean age = 6.0 years, SD = .50, at Wave 1) participated in this multimethod, 3-year longitudinal investigation. Findings revealed that children's insecure representations of the interparental relationship were a significant intervening mechanism in associations between observational ratings of interparental conflict and child and teacher reports on children's emotional and classroom difficulties in school over a 2-year period. Moreover, increased parental emotional unavailability accompanying high levels of interparental conflict was associated with children's insecure representations of the parent-child relationship and children's difficulties in classroom engagement at school entry. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the intrinsic processes that contribute to difficulties with stage-salient tasks for children who are experiencing interparental discord. 相似文献
147.
J. J McDowell Marcia L. Caron Saule Kulubekova John P. Berg 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2008,90(3):387-403
Virtual organisms animated by a computational theory of selection by consequences responded on symmetrical and asymmetrical concurrent schedules of reinforcement. The theory instantiated Darwinian principles of selection, reproduction, and mutation such that a population of potential behaviors evolved under the selection pressure exerted by reinforcement from the environment. The virtual organisms' steady‐state behavior was well described by the power function matching equation, and the parameters of the equation behaved in ways that were consistent with findings from experiments with live organisms. Together with previous research on single‐alternative schedules (McDowell, 2004; McDowell & Caron, 2007) these results indicate that the equations of matching theory are emergent properties of the evolutionary dynamics of selection by consequences. 相似文献
148.
Frank C. Worrell William E. Cross 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2004,32(1):18-32
The reliability and validity of scores on the Big Five Inventory (BFI; O. P. John, E. M. Donahue, & R. L. Kentle, 1991) were examined in a sample of 336 African American college students. Results indicated moderate reliability and structural validity for BFI scores. Additionally, BFI subscales had few meaningful correlations with self‐esteem and social desirability. La fiabilidad y la validez de los resultados del Inventario “Big Five” (BFI; O. P. John, E. M. Donahue, y R. L. Kentle, 1991) se examinan en una muestra de 336 estudiantes universitarios afro‐americanos. Los resultados indican una fiabilidad moderada y una validez estructural para los resultados del BFI. Adicionalmente, las subescalas del BFI tuvieron pocas correlaciones importantes con el auto‐estima y el deseo social. 相似文献
149.
150.