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231.
Angelina R. Sutin Paul T. Costa Jr Elaine Wethington William Eaton 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(5):479-492
Abstract We test the hypothesis that changes in physical and psychological health are associated with construals of stressful life events. At two points in time, approximately 10 years apart, participants (n=1038) rated their physical health and psychological distress. At the second assessment, participants also reported their most stressful life event since the first assessment and indicated whether they considered the event a turning point and/or lesson learned. Lower self-ratings of health and higher ratings of psychological distress, controlling for baseline health and distress, and relevant demographic factors, were associated with perceiving the stressful life event as a turning point, particularly a negative turning point. The two health measures were primarily unrelated to lessons learned. How individuals construe the most stressful events in their lives are associated with changes in self-rated health and distress. 相似文献
232.
René Mõttus Jüri Allik Anu Realo Helle Pullmann Jérôme Rossier Gregory Zecca Jennifer Ah‐Kion Dénis Amoussou‐Yéyé Martin Bäckström Rasa Barkauskiene Oumar Barry Uma Bhowon Fredrik Björklund Aleksandra Bochaver Konstantin Bochaver Gideon P. de Bruin Helena F. Cabrera Sylvia Xiaohua Chen A. Timothy Church Daouda Dougoumalé Cissé Donatien Dahourou Xiaohang Feng Yanjun Guan Hyi‐Sung Hwang Fazilah Idris Marcia S. Katigbak Peter Kuppens Anna Kwiatkowska Alfredas Laurinavicius Khairul Anwar Mastor David Matsumoto Rainer Riemann Joanna Schug Brian Simpson Caroline Ng Tseung 《欧洲人格杂志》2012,26(3):303-317
In cross‐national studies, mean levels of self‐reported phenomena are often not congruent with more objective criteria. One prominent explanation for such findings is that people make self‐report judgements in relation to culture‐specific standards (often called the reference group effect), thereby undermining the cross‐cultural comparability of the judgements. We employed a simple method called anchoring vignettes in order to test whether people from 21 different countries have varying standards for Conscientiousness, a Big Five personality trait that has repeatedly shown unexpected nation‐level relationships with external criteria. Participants rated their own Conscientiousness and that of 30 hypothetical persons portrayed in short vignettes. The latter type of ratings was expected to reveal individual differences in standards of Conscientiousness. The vignettes were rated relatively similarly in all countries, suggesting no substantial culture‐related differences in standards for Conscientiousness. Controlling for the small differences in standards did not substantially change the rankings of countries on mean self‐ratings or the predictive validities of these rankings for objective criteria. These findings are not consistent with mean self‐rated Conscientiousness scores being influenced by culture‐specific standards. The technique of anchoring vignettes can be used in various types of studies to assess the potentially confounding effects of reference levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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C. Ward Struthers Judy Eaton Nicole Shirvani Michael Georghiou Eliott Edell 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(2):130-141
The primary aim of this research was to examine the effects of an injured party's preemptive forgiveness (grudge, none, explicit, implied) on a transgressor's repentance. We also explored the moderating role of a transgressor's judgment of responsibility (low, high) and the mediating role that feelings of shame and motivation to reconcile play in the preemptive forgiveness → repentance process. The results of two experiments showed that different types of forgiveness had different effects on repentance and prosocial conduct. In Study 2, we extended these findings by examining the moderating role that judgment of responsibility plays and the mediating role that shame and motivation to reconcile plays in the preemptive forgiveness → repentance process. These experiments show that, relative to holding a grudge, no forgiveness, and explicit forgiveness, the most effective preemptive prosocial strategy was implied forgiveness, particularly when judgments of responsibility were low. In addition, a stepdown analysis suggests that the effects of forgiveness and responsibility on repentance are mediated by a transgressor's shame and motivation to reconcile. 相似文献
235.
Robert Fudge, Problems with Contextualizing Aesthetic Properties , p67
Marcia Muelder Eaton, Response to Robert Fudge , p70 相似文献
Marcia Muelder Eaton, Response to Robert Fudge , p70 相似文献
236.
A.W. Eaton 《Philosophy Compass》2008,3(5):873-893
This article outlines the issues addressed by feminist philosophy of art, critically surveys major developments in the field, and concludes by considering directions in which the field is moving. 相似文献
237.
The primary question of interest in this study was: Are the caregiving practices of low‐income, teenage mothers during the first 2 years of their children's lives predictive of individual differences in the language abilities of their 30‐month‐old children? This question was addressed with a sample of 76 teenage mothers and their children who were participating in a family support program. Various measures of caregiving behavior, assessed when the children were 6, 12, and 24 months old, were significantly related to scores on the Preschool Language Scale—3, the Expressive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test, and Receptive One‐Word Picture Vocabulary Tests of the children. 相似文献
238.
Suzanne E. MacDonald Marcia L. Spetch Debbie M. Kelly Ken Cheng 《Learning and motivation》2004,35(4):484-347
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus), human children, and human adults learned to find a goal that was located in the center of a square array of four identical landmarks. The location of the landmark array and corresponding goal varied across trials, so the task could not be solved without using the landmark array. In Experiment 1, a matrix of discrete goal locations was presented and the landmarks surrounded and were adjacent to the correct location during training. After training, an expansion test was given in which the distance between landmarks was increased. Marmosets, children (ages 5–9), and adults all readily learned to use the landmarks to search accurately during training. On the expansion test, adults uniformly searched in the center of the array. Monkeys and children concentrated their searching near the landmarks rather than in the center. The monkeys, but not the children, searched more often on the directionally appropriate side of the landmarks than on other sides of the landmarks. In Experiment 2, children (ages 3–5) were trained with a continuous search space and with the goal farther from the landmarks so that a beaconing strategy rule could not be used. Several of the children failed to acquire the training task. Of those who learned to find the goal, three searched in the middle on expansion tests but most searched nearer to the landmarks. The “middle rule” strategy that is uniformly used by adult humans does not appear to be a preferred strategy for children or non-human primates. 相似文献
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240.
The United Nation's Millennium Development Goals do not explicitly articulate a focus on disability; similar failures in the past resulted in research, policy, and practice that are not generalizable and did not meet the needs of persons with disabilities since they were developed for an "average" population. Academics and professionals in health and other disciplines should have a knowledge base in evidence-based practices that improve well-being and participation of people with disabilities through effective service delivery of assistive technology. Grounded by a theoretical framework that incorporates a multivariate perspective of disability that is acknowledged in the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, we present a review of models of assistive technology service delivery and call for future syntheses of the fragmented evidence base that would permit a comparative effectiveness approach to evaluation. 相似文献