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241.
Sofie Schoonbaert Wouter Duyck Marc Brysbaert Robert J. Hartsuiker 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(5):569-586
The present study investigated cross-language priming effects with unique noncognate translation pairs. Unbalanced Dutch (first language [L1])-English (second language [L2]) bilinguals performed a lexical decision task in a masked priming paradigm. The results of two experiments showed significant translation priming from L1 to L2 (meisje-GIRL) and from L2 to L1 (girl-MEISJE), using two different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) (250 and 100 msec). Although translation priming from L1 to L2 was significantly stronger than priming from L2 to L1, the latter was significant as well. Two further experiments with the same word targets showed significant cross-language semantic priming in both directions ( jongen [boy]-GIRL; boy-MEISJE [GIRL]) and for both SOAs. These data suggest that L1 and L2 are represented by means of a similar lexico-semantic architecture in which L2 words are also able to rapidly activate semantic information, although to a lesser extent than L1 words are able to. This is consistent with models assuming quantitative rather than qualitative differences between L1 and L2 representations. 相似文献
242.
Terry Eskenazi Marc Grosjean Glyn W. Humphreys Guenther Knoblich 《Psychological research》2009,73(4):477-485
Research on embodied cognition stresses that bodily and motor processes constrain how we perceive others. Regarding action
perception the most prominent hypothesis is that observed actions are matched to the observer’s own motor representations.
Previous findings demonstrate that the motor laws that constrain one’s performance also constrain one’s perception of others’
actions. The present neuropsychological case study asked whether neurological impairments affect a person’s performance and
action perception in the same way. The results showed that patient DS, who suffers from a frontal brain lesion, not only ignored
target size when performing movements but also when asked to judge whether others can perform the same movements. In other
words DS showed the same violation of Fitts’s law when performing and observing actions. These results further support the
assumption of close perception action links and the assumption that these links recruit predictive mechanisms residing in
the motor system. 相似文献
243.
Philip S. Wells Martha L. Louzada Monica Taljaard David R. Anderson Susan R. Kahn Nicole J. Langlois Julie Rutberg Michael J. Kovacs Marc A. Rodger 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(5):475-482
There is controversy whether asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and
thrombophilia should be screened, followed, and prescribed prophylaxis during risk periods. We recruited consecutive probands
with idiopathic VTE and thrombophilia from our thrombosis clinics. Those FDRs with thrombophilia were randomized in family
clusters to receive one-time verbal counseling and no organized follow-up or counseling, educational material, reminder aids
and follow-up. Only 203 of 1,129 FDRs were eligible and consented. Dropouts were common; 1 FDR (1.7%) developed VTE. VTE risk,
ability to treat and prevent were underestimated by the participants. Patients with VTE and thrombophilia and their FDRs are
often not interested in thrombophilia testing. Despite education to inform their knowledge, interest and follow-up were less
than ideal. The question of the best educational approach in these patients remains unanswered. The value of testing and following
asymptomatic carriers of probands with VTE and thrombophilia remains unknown. 相似文献
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246.
Fabrice Perch Jacques Young Paul Robel Neal G. Simon Marc Haug 《Aggressive behavior》2001,27(2):130-138
The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a powerful inhibitor of aggression in murine models when given for 15 days and potentially may be useful in the management of inappropriate human aggression. Although the biosynthesis and metabolism of DHEA have been described, little is known about the potential effect of the steroidal environment during sexual differentiation on the subsequent response to DHEA. Whether prenatal androgen exposure influences the subsequent response to DHEA was assessed by comparing the effect of DHEA (80 μg/d) on aggression in female offspring where dams were treated with 1, 10, or 100 μg of testosterone (T) on days 15 to 18 of gestation (Experiment I) or that developed in different uterine positions (Experiment II). The results showed that DHEA decreased attack behavior in general and that the 100‐μg prenatal T treatments enhanced the antiaggressive effect of this neurosteroid. Neither the lower doses of exogenously administered T nor the uterine position led to an enhanced response to DHEA. In addition, whether DHEA produced changes in social and nonsocial activities was examined. In the 100‐μg T females, DHEA increased the duration of the former and decreased the frequency and duration of the latter, indicating that it was not a general decrement in behavioral expression that mediated the enhanced response to the antiaggressive effect of DHEA. In the second experiment, DHEA treatment led to increased frequencies of social nonaggressive and nonsocial activities. However, the uterine positions × treatment interactions were not significant, demonstrating that contiguity to male fetuses did not differentially affect the response to DHEA. Aggr. Behav. 27:130–138, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
247.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - 相似文献
248.
Marc S. J. Boschker Frank C. Bakker Claire F. Michaels 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2002,55(3):775-792
Using a reaction time experiment, we examined whether imagining a response would lead to an increase in the frequency of its execution. During a pre-test and a post-test, participants had to respond as quickly as possible with either their left or their right hand, as they preferred, to the illumination of one of 17 target positions arrayed in front of them in a semicircle. Between these two phases, participants performed a practice condition. Each of 40 right-handed participants was assigned to one of four groups that differed in their practice condition: One group made only dominant-hand responses to all target locations, two imagery groups imagined dominant hand responses to all target locations, and the last group received a no-practice, control task. One imagery group received instructions emphasizing that imagery has a strong effect; the second group received instructions suggesting that imagery was not effective. The results showed an increased incidence of the practised response for both imagery groups during the post-test. No effect was found for the physical performance group and the control group. The change in performance for the imagery groups was not accompanied by a change in reaction time. The results are discussed in terms of imagining the realization of action possibilities and from a neuropsychological point of view. 相似文献
249.
250.
Marc Alspector-Kelly 《Synthese》2011,183(2):127-142
Knowledge closure is, roughly, the following claim:
For every agent S and propositions P and Q, if S knows P, knows that P implies Q, and believes Q because it is so implied, then S knows Q. 相似文献