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701.
Rodríguez González MS Martínez López Z Tinajero Vacas C Guisande Couñago MA Páramo Fernández MF 《Psicothema》2012,24(3):483-488
The main objective of the present study was to adapt the Perceived Acceptance Scale (PAS), developed by Brock, Sarason, Sanghvi and Gurung to evaluate the cognitive component of perceived social support, to the Spanish language. In a sample of 855 university students registered for the first time in different degree courses, the reliability, dimensionality and external validity of the scale scores were analyzed. The results show adequate internal consistency in both the subscales (friends, family, father and mother) and in the overall scale. The factorial structure, derived from a confirmatory factorial analysis, fitted the theoretical model proposed by the authors of the scale. The scale scores showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity from the observed relationships with the measures of perceived social support. The psychometric properties of the adapted scale provide an adequate measuring instrument for evaluating perceived acceptance in Spanish university students. 相似文献
702.
This paper describes a useful technique for quantifying the degree of speech deficits in dementia of GDS 4 Alzheimer's type (DAT). Production of prosodic speech in DAT patients and healthy older controls was analysed using variation in fundamental frequency (F0) measures on a reading task. The prosogram computational model was used to analyze the prosodic contours of the speech samples, using melodic styling of F0 based on perceptual principles and prominence detection of spectral and amplitude fluctuations in the speech signal. Results revealed significant differences in most of these prosodic parameters among the DAT group. Normal pitch variation in speech and variations in syllable timing were reduced in the DAT group, these features cause "flat" speech prosody in these patients. These speech parameters may have diagnostic and prognostic value for Alzheimer's disease and therefore could be a useful aid in clinical trials. 相似文献
703.
The aim of this paper is to show how gender differences are portrayed in images featured in Physical Education textbooks for secondary schools in Spain published between 2000 and 2006. The sample was composed of 2,724 images published in 36 textbooks by 10 Spanish publishing houses. A content analysis was carried out through the elaboration of an ad hoc coding scheme. The development of the coding scheme followed: two trial tests, two consultations with experts, and triangulation with three observers. The variables of the study were: gender, type of physical activity, field of practice, space and level. The findings showed a noticeable imbalance between male and female representation in which the male model is clearly predominant. In addition, these images portray males and females in stereotypical roles and depict certain activities or sports as more appropriate for one gender or the other. These findings further highlight the need to increase awareness regarding the image content in textbooks and the necessity to work in order to overcome traditional gender stereotypes connected with physical education and sport. 相似文献
704.
The aim of this study was to test the effects of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) derived from the Schema Therapy model (Young
1999) according to the diathesis-stress paradigm. We expected that EMS would make students more vulnerable to symptoms of depression
and anxiety in the presence of stressful events and that the effects of these schemas would be different for each symptom.
In particular, it was hypothesised that abandonment, emotional deprivation, defectiveness, and failure schemas would interact
with stressful events to predict depressive symptoms, whereas abandonment, vulnerability to harm, and dependence schemas were
expected to moderate anxiety symptoms. Due to gender differences in EMS and depressive and anxiety symptoms, we also expected
that sex would act as a moderator of the relationships between EMS and symptoms. A two-wave prospective study showed that
the presence of EMS constitutes a vulnerability factor for both, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and this effect was also
moderated by sex. Moreover, the EMS’s content specificity revealed which schemas were more relevant to each symptom, providing
valuable information for prevention and intervention programmes. 相似文献
705.
Amparo Belloch María Roncero Conxa Perpi?á 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(1):94-106
Ego-dystonicity and ego-syntonicity are usually considered opposite ends of the same dimension, and they are used to define
both obsessions and eating disorder-related symptoms. This study aims to examine the characteristics of ego-dystonicity/syntonicity,
their relationships with symptom contents, and with the emotions, behaviours, and evaluative appraisals provoked by these
symptoms. A sample of 349 community individuals rated the ego-dystonicity and ego-syntonicity associated with their most upsetting
obsessional intrusive thought (OIT) and eating disorder-related intrusive thought (EDIT). Three dimensions, Undesirability/Desirability,
Immorality/Morality/, and Irrationality/Rationality explained ego-dystonicity and ego-syntonicity. The size of the relationships
among these dimensions was medium, and no correlation exists between morality/immorality concerning the OIT. Since the OIT
was rated as more egodystonic and less egosyntonic than the EDIT, both thought modalities were egosyntonic, as they were considered
rational/coherent with the personality, but at the same time egodystonic, as they were undesirable. The ego-dystonicity of
both the OIT and EDIT was associated with negative emotions, dysfunctional appraisals, and interference in on-going activities,
with Immorality being the most noteworthy dimension of ego-dystonicity. Both subclinical OCD and ED subjects scored higher
than non-clinical participants on the ego-dystonicity caused by their most upsetting intrusive thought. 相似文献
706.
Caravolas M Lervåg A Mousikou P Efrim C Litavsky M Onochie-Quintanilla E Salas N Schöffelová M Defior S Mikulajová M Seidlová-Málková G Hulme C 《Psychological science》2012,23(6):678-686
Previous studies have shown that phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and verbal memory span are reliable correlates of learning to read in English. However, the extent to which these different predictors have the same relative importance in different languages remains uncertain. In this article, we present the results from a 10-month longitudinal study that began just before or soon after the start of formal literacy instruction in four languages (English, Spanish, Slovak, and Czech). Longitudinal path analyses showed that phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, and RAN (but not verbal memory span) measured at the onset of literacy instruction were reliable predictors, with similar relative importance, of later reading and spelling skills across the four languages. These data support the suggestion that in all alphabetic orthographies, phoneme awareness, letter-sound knowledge, and RAN may tap cognitive processes that are important for learning to read. 相似文献
707.
Muñoz Sastre MT de Sousa S Bodi E Sorum PC Mullet E 《Psychology, health & medicine》2012,17(3):323-334
The aim was to examine the factors involved in people's willingness to make a living organ donation. A convenience sample of 200 people in southern France rated willingness to be a living donor in 48 scenarios consisting of all combinations of five factors: recipient's identity (close family member and city resident); donor's surgical risk (little and some); donor's possible long-term health consequences (none, some lessening over time, and durable); transplant success ("generally durably successful" and "durably successful one time out of two"); and likelihood of other donors (subject is one of the rare compatible donors or one among others). Cluster analyses showed the existence of three distinct organ donation philosophies. For the largest cluster (49% of participants), willingness to donate was very high to a family member, but low to a city resident. For the second cluster (37%), willingness was high to family, but also moderately high to a city resident. For the third cluster (14%), willingness was always low. Thus, most participants judged themselves ready to make a living organ donation to a family member and many even to a stranger. 相似文献
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