被拆迁者拆迁过程的心理定性分析

研究采用定性分析的方法,旨在探索我国被拆迁者在拆迁过程中的心理特征。通过对杭州下沙经济开发区的110名被拆迁者进行访谈、资料分析,从而对他们在拆迁过程中的意识和行为进行剖析。结果主要从心理状态、拆迁意识、拆迁计划、自我调节、社会支持和满意度6个方面来探讨拆迁者的心理过程。     

《圣经》的生态思想

<圣经>认为宇宙万物和人类是上帝创造的,上帝创造的世界是美丽、有序、和谐的;人是自然的一部分,自然是人类赖以生存的基础;世界万物都有其存在的价值,人负有管理万物的责任;人与自然关系的不和谐是人类犯罪的结果,"原罪"引发了最初的生态危机;耶稣基督救赎的范围包括自然界;<圣经>以恢复人与神的正常关系为中心,人与自然的和谐关系以此为基础.     

What can I gain as a mentor? The effect of mentoring on the job performance and social status of mentors in China

In this study, we examine how mentoring benefits mentors as well as how team cohesiveness affects mentoring relationships and resulting benefits. We followed 512 formal mentors in a Chinese manufacturing firm for six months and collected data in three phases and from three sources. The findings reveal that the amount of mentoring provided is positively related to mentors' in‐role job performance and social status. These relationships were fully mediated by mentors' personal learning and social interaction quality, respectively. Team cohesiveness, however, did not moderate these relationships. Our empirical findings have implications for understanding how mentors' careers can benefit from being a mentor.     

Beyond de Tocqueville: The roles of vertical and horizontal individualism and conservatism in the 2004 U.S. presidential election

Individualism is a fundamental value to U.S. culture and democracy. We differentiate the horizontal from vertical dimension of individualism to predict voting in the 2004 presidential election. Horizontal individualism (HI) values equality and uniqueness, whereas vertical individualism (VI) values competition and achievement. In line with the value-expressive function of attitudes and voter–politician congruency principles, we show how and when HI and VI affect voters' attitudes and voting. A pilot study revealed that VI correlated with vote; those who scored higher on VI were more likely to vote for Bush. Study 1 replicated these findings with a broader sample and a regression approach. The influence of individualism was less predictive than VI in both studies. In Study 2, we proposed that the effect of VI and HI values on voting decisions is mediated by political conservatism, which in turn predicts voters' trait assessment of candidates and voting decision. Path analysis of the data from a national survey supported our expectation among respondents with high political involvement, the context in which value-expressive attitudes are more pronounced. Taken together, these studies advance our theoretical understanding of HI, VI, and individualism, as well as the process underlying the effect of values on decisions.     

网络怠工研究:回顾与展望*

网络怠工是员工基于网络平台而产生的一种工作场所偏差行为。近十年来,员工网络怠工问题开始为人力资源管理和组织行为学研究人员所重视。本文回顾网络怠工的由来、定义及测量;介绍网络怠工的社会交换理论、组织公正感理论和中和技术理论;分析员工人口学特征、个体心理以及环境因素对网络怠工的影响的研究;整合网络怠工的理论研究,提出网络怠工现有研究存在的问题,并对未来研究发展提出了展望。     

有意遗忘的脑机制

有意遗忘是指个体主动忘记无用和过时的信息,本质是记忆的主动抑制,包括定向遗忘和压抑遗忘。在定向遗忘中,记忆抑制既发生在编码阶段也发生在提取阶段,脑机制研究支持编码抑制理论和提取抑制理论;在压抑遗忘中,think和No-think所激活的脑区不同,No-think引起前额区域的激活增强和海马的激活减弱。未来应开展定向遗忘和压抑遗忘的脑机制差异研究,注重记忆抑制和其他心理活动抑制之间的差异研究,关注创伤个体的有意遗忘研究,拓展记忆控制神经网络的可塑性研究。     

Predictors of Mental Health Among College Students in Guam: Implications for Counseling

The authors investigated sociodemographic predictors of the mental health status of college students (N = 308) in Guam. Results indicated prevalence rates of 17.8%, 40.2%, and 25.6% for moderate or more severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Psychological distress was found to be predicted by gender, ethnicity, living arrangement, and academic level. Comparisons with college students in the U.S. mainland and Hong Kong were also examined. Implications for counseling services and strategies are discussed.     

The Influence of Arbitrary Breakpoints on Judgments of Maximum Output

Consumers often wonder about the product's maximum output: the highest rotation speed of a blender or the best printing quality of a printer. We examine how the number of levels (e.g., a blender with 3 vs. 7 speeds) influences judgments of maximum product output. Objectively speaking, the number of levels is no more than a set of breakpoints in an already predetermined continuum from the product's minimum to maximum output. Nevertheless, because of the ubiquitous association between number of breakpoints and quantity in daily life, consumers do not simply view more levels as a signal of greater precision (i.e., giving consumers more control over the possible outputs). They also incorrectly believe that the product has greater power (i.e., a higher maximum output), even when such an inference is in conflict with diagnostic attribute information (e.g., watts). A series of five studies documents the phenomenon, its asymmetric nature, and its boundary conditions. Reliance on the inaccurate “more levels, more power” lay theory weakens when participants consider a reduction rather than an increase in number of levels, and it disappears when the consumer is presented with an explicit relationship between each level and its corresponding output value (e.g., level 4:400 W).     

独生子与非独生子行为特点的比较研究

本研究有151名三至四岁半的幼儿园儿童参加,其中48名为非独生子,103名为独生子(其中48名为配对独生子)。所用方法为观察、评价和问卷。结果表明:三至四岁半儿童的性格无特异性与两端性。报告也讨论了独生子与非独生子行为和性格无显著差异的原因。此外,作者还提出:不同的环境反馈和儿童行为的有意性,会导致儿童的“双重性格”。     

学龄前智力落后儿童早期干预的教学研究

本研究旨在通过一项早期教学实验,探索教育智力落后儿童学习的有效方法;描述智力落后儿童的心理特点和行为障碍,找出促进智力落后儿童学月进步的因素,为在我国开展这方面工作积累资料。 北京新运弱智儿童养育院20名2—7岁儿童参加了这项教学实验。经过一年教学、训练,17名儿童进步明显。文中还讨论了三种所用的教学方法的优缺点;语言障碍的特点和有效的教育方法以及3名儿童进步不大的原因。