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101.
This study investigates how everyday categorization experiences affect people's emotional responses and self‐views. A representative Dutch population sample (N = 463) was asked to recount a situation in which they were categorized by others. This resulted in a range of categories that were spontaneously evoked by research participants. Participants were asked to think of a situation either where the categorization resulted in negative or in positive expectations about the self. Positive categorization elicited more positive emotions and agreement than negative categorization. However, when positive expectations about the self were formed, people found it less easy to detect that these were based on external categorizations, and were less likely to protest. Mediational analyses showed that because detection was impaired, exposure to positive categorization resulted in lower self‐confidence than exposure to negative categorization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
Paneque M Lemos C Escalona K Prieto L Reynaldo R Velázquez M Quevedo J Santos N Almaguer LE Velázquez L Sousa A Fleming M Sequeiros J 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(4):469-479
Presymptomatic testing for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) in Cuba started five years ago. We have now investigated the
psychological impact of test results on 150 individuals at 50% risk for SCA2. In a prospective study, psychological instruments
were used to evaluate depression, anxiety and family functioning (1) before testing and (2) one year after disclosure of the
test result. One year after, anxiety and depression levels decreased both in carriers and non-carriers, but anxiety decreased
significantly more in carriers. Pathological levels of anxiety were seen mostly in members of dysfunctional families, but
decreased more in them than in other consultands. Presymptomatic testing thus seems to have been especially beneficial for
these testees, possibly due to a greater gain from the psychosocial support received. It would be pertinent to evaluate now
the impact of other psychosocial variables and perform longer-term longitudinal studies. 相似文献
103.
This study documented the growth of the earliest form of face-to-face communication in 16 mother-infant dyads, videotaped weekly during a naturalistic face-to-face interaction, between 1 and 14 weeks, in 2 conditions: with the infant in the mother's arms and with the infant semi-reclined on a sofa. Results showed a curvilinear development of early face-to-face communication, with a significant increase occurring between Week 4 and Week 9 depending on the dyad. After 2 months, trajectories diverged into 2 groups: I whose duration of face-to-face communication continued to increase and I whose duration peaked and then began to decrease. After the 1st month, the duration of face-to-face communication was significantly longer when the infant was on the sofa rather than in the mother's arms. In the latter condition, during the 3rd month, girls spent a significantly longer time than boys in face-to-face communication. These findings suggest that context (infant being held vs. not being held) interacts with the infant's age and sex in affecting mother-infant communication. 相似文献
104.
Moretti R Torre P Antonello RM Capus L Gioulis M Marsala SZ Cazzato G Bava A 《Perceptual and motor skills》2002,95(2):477-486
The limits of a drug therapy in severe forms of Parkinson disease have led to refining neurosurgery on the basal ganglia. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has been recognized as one of the most promising techniques to decrease "off" motor symptoms and motor fluctuations, allowing a reduction of drug therapy and limiting side effects of the drugs. There is still open debate on the possible consequences of chronic subthalamic stimulation in other ways, apart from motor symptoms, of general cognitive performance. We examined and followed two patients with Parkinson disease for 9 mo. after surgery for deep stimulation, studying their cognitive performances. There is a general amelioration of cognitive performances, in particular as far as linguistic capabilities is concerned. We discuss the possible significance of these results, reminding strenuously that only two patients were involved, so the potential for generalization is seriously limited. 相似文献
105.
Dolores Fernndez M. Carmen Zabala Laura Ros Manuela Martínez Alberto Martínez Jos Miguel Latorre Jorge Javier Ricarte 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2019,60(4):377-385
The triarchic model of psychopathy encompasses different conceptions of psychopathic personality characterized by three phenotypic components: boldness, disinhibition, and meanness. Psychopathy is a complex construct at both emotional and behavioral level. The aim of this study was to determine the core elements of psychopathic personality in a community sample and analyze the relation between these elements and other personality traits such as aggression, and certain specific behavioral manifestations such as substance use. The study sample comprised 1,159 participants aged between 17 and 74 years, who were administered the Triarchic Psychopathy Questionnaire, the Impulsive‐Premeditated Aggression Scale, and the Aggression Questionnaire. The results show that the constructs of meanness and disinhibition are more highly associated with different forms of both impulsive and premeditated aggression. Furthermore, men scored higher on all three components of the triarchic model compared to women. Finally, higher substance use (tobacco and drugs) was associated with higher scores in meanness, boldness, and disinhibition. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing psychopathy in a community sample, and the detection of possible risk factors for the disorder. 相似文献
106.
This study (N = 235) examines the responses of male and female participants to information about the alleged endorsement of either hostile or benevolent sexist beliefs by a sample of either men or women. We predicted that people endorsing benevolent sexist statements would be less likely to be perceived as sexist than those endorsing hostile sexist views, and examined the judgmental process through which people fail to recognize benevolent sexism as a form of prejudice. We argue that benevolent sexists do not match the mental prototype of sexist perpetrators, because they are seen as likeable. Our results confirm that because benevolent sexists are evaluated more positively than hostile sexists, they are less likely to be seen as sexists. This judgmental process occurs relatively independently of emotional responses to hostile vs. benevolent sexism. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the maintenance of gender inequalities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
107.
USING THE PARENT–INFANT RELATIONSHIP GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SCALE TO IDENTIFY CAREGIVER–INFANT/TODDLER DYADS WITH ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS IN SIX EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 下载免费PDF全文
Kornilia Hatzinikolaou Vassiliki Karveli Aggeliki Skoubourdi Foteini Zarokosta Gianluca Antonucci Giovanni Visci Maria Manuela Calheiros Eunice MagalhÃes Cecilia Essau Sharon Allan Jayshree Pithia Fahreen Walji Lourdes Ezpeleta Ruth Perez‐Robles Kostas A. Fanti Evita Katsimicha Maria‐Zoe Hadjicharambous George Nikolaidis Vasudevi Reddy 《Infant mental health journal》2016,37(4):335-355
108.
Studia Logica - Motivated by Kalman residuated lattices, Nelson residuated lattices and Nelson paraconsistent residuated lattices, we provide a natural common generalization of them. Nelson... 相似文献
109.
Manuela Romo 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(48):119-134
ResumenDesde que el neopositivista Reichenbach planteó la división, en el análisis de la ciencia, entre contexto de descubrimiento y contexto de justificación se empieza a considerar el primero como una tarea que incumbe a los psicólogos. Aquí se revisan las explicaciones de la psicología actual sobre el descubrimiento científico que se incluyen dentro de ese nuevo enfoque científico propugnado por los postpopperianos, donde convergen el análisis histórico, sociológico y psicológico. Se reseñan las aportaciones más relevantes para la explicación de la creatividad científica: el estudio cognitivo de casos de Gruber, el análisis temático de Holton, la concepción del genio científico de Simonton así como las obras «programáticas» definidoras de los contenidos y métodos de esta «ciencia de la ciencia» como las de Tweney et alt., Miller o Giere. 相似文献
110.
Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro Paulo Luis Rosa Sousa Ricardo Azevedo Da Silva Bernardo Lessa Horta Rosana Mendona De Souza Manuela Fleming 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2001,82(2):347-360
The processes of identification between adolescent cocaine addicts and their parents were studied in 402 subjects, in total 134 familial triads (father"mother"son), subdivided into two groups of 67 triads, one of these groups having as the child an adolescent of masculine sex dependent on cocaine and the other, equal in number, being a control group, duly matched for age and socio-economic status. The instrument employed was the Rorschach test (1922), limited to the application of the Lerner Defense Scale (LDS; Lerner & Lerner, 1980). The findings in the affected triads showed up as consistent statistically for the presence of intense processes of pathological identification, especially between father and son, a sign of the importance of the presence of disturbances of paternal function in the development of this addiction. The utilisation of very regressive defence mechanisms, above all of projective identification, was the predominant mode of procedure in triads with a dependent child. In comparisons between the fathers the odds ratio (OR) for projective identification was 8.66 to 1, which points to the association between cocaine addiction and the primitive mental functioning of the fathers. With empirical methodology these findings serve to corroborate the psychoanalytical conclusions based on studies of single case studies, testifying that the dysfunctions of identificatory phenomena in familial functioning are predominant in the mental organisation of cocaine addicts. 相似文献