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221.
Prof. Dr. med Manfred Cierpka 《Psychotherapeut》2003,48(4):247-254
Maltreatment, sexual and emotional abuse and neglect during childhood contribute to the development of psychic and somatic disorders. Therefore interventions against violence are necessary to support psychological health. The development of social-emotional competences became an elementary part of psychosocial prevention programs. Children with good capacities in problem solving are less at risk to show violent behaviour in difficult emotional conflicts, because they don’t tend to stabilize and compensate their self esteem in these situations. Relevant core dimensions concerning psychological development can be taught systematically in social- emotional learning lessons. Teachers in kindergardens and schools are presenting the series of lessons. A growing number of studies in this field show good effects. In Germany FAUSTLOS has been developed as an evaluated and systematically constructed tool for preventing aggressive behaviour in children visiting kindergardens and elementary schools. During these programs 28 lessons are presented in kindergardens and 51 lessons in elementary schools. Follow-up studies with FAUSTLOS show significant changes in emotional competences and prosocial developments in children. 相似文献
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223.
Josepha Katzmann Christopher Hautmann Lisa Greimel Stephanie Imort Julia Pinior Kristin Scholz Manfred Döpfner 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2017,45(4):719-730
Parent training (PT) delivered as a guided self-help intervention may be a cost- and time-effective intervention in the treatment of children with externalizing disorders. In face-to-face PT, parenting strategies have repeatedly been identified as mediating mechanisms for the decrease of children’s problem behavior. Few studies have examined possible mediating effects in guided self-help interventions for parents. The present study aimed to investigate possible mediating variables of a behaviorally oriented guided self-help program for parents of children with externalizing problems compared to a nondirective intervention in a clinical sample. A sample of 110 parents of children with externalizing disorders (80 % boys) were randomized to either a behaviorally oriented or a nondirective guided self-help program. Four putative mediating variables were examined simultaneously in a multiple mediation model using structural equation modelling. The outcomes were child symptoms of ADHD and ODD as well as child externalizing problems, assessed at posttreatment. Analyses showed a significant indirect effect for dysfunctional parental attributions in favor of the group receiving the behavioral program, and significant effects of the behavioral program on positive and negative parenting and parental self-efficacy, compared to the nondirective intervention. Our results indicate that a decrease of dysfunctional parental attributions leads to a decrease of child externalizing problems when parents take part in a behaviorally oriented guided self-help program. However, none of the putative mediating variables could explain the decrease in child externalizing behavior problems in the nondirective group. A change in dysfunctional parental attributions should be considered as a possible mediator in the context of PT. 相似文献
224.
Allison A.M. Bielak Cassandra R. Hatt Manfred Diehl 《Research in human development》2017,14(3):219-233
This article addresses the “lab-life gap” in cognitive aging research as an important issue of ecological validity in developmental research. Older adults often function competently in complex everyday situations despite age-related deficits on laboratory-based cognitive tasks. Therefore, to what extent do lab-based cognitive tasks predict real-life outcomes in older adults? Our review shows that although they are similar, measures of everyday cognitive competence predict relevant outcomes beyond basic measures. We provide our perspective on critical questions concerning the relevance of everyday cognitive tests in our ever-changing world, new methods of everyday cognitive assessment, and whether everyday cognition can be improved. 相似文献
225.
Dr. Friedhelm Meyer Henrik Roth Anke Höflich Jürgen Matzat Anna Kresula Anika Stein Wolfram Franke Manfred E. Beutel 《Psychotherapeut》2008,53(3):198-205
Psychosomatic in-patient treatment applies a combination of various methods in order to facilitate learning by insight and corrective emotional experiences in a therapeutic community. The establishment of a self-help group on the ward can be a useful complementary element in such a comprehensive approach. However, empirical research on this specific topic does not yet exist. Based on clinical experience, necessary preconditions as well as the pros and cons of integrating self-help into professional treatment are described. The assessment of 850 patients in a clinic for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy concerning a self-help group on the ward are presented. Relationships between patients’ evaluation of the self-help group and various other variables as well as the overall treatment effect were studied. Empirical data provide evidence of a differential effect of the self-help group on the ward: the majority of the patients experienced the self-help group as useful. Whether the patient is able to benefit from group therapy seems to be an intermediate variable and the therapists’ attitude towards self-help groups also seems to play an important role. 相似文献
226.
In the Fall of 2007, ten neuroscientists published a proposal for an interdisciplinary research initiative, the Decade of the Mind, that would focus on four "broad but intertwined areas": mental health, research on high-level cognitive functions, education,
and computational applications (such as intelligent machines). I review the basic ideas behind the proposal and discuss the
four proposed areas of research. I argue that for research on higher cognitive functions and in particular, for research and
practice in education, the Decade of the Mind is a welcome initiative that may change our lives for the better. Therefore, the proposal, which is scientifically interdisciplinary
in nature, has to be politically international. 相似文献
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A moderated process model is presented that attempts to explain the consistency between implicit and explicit indicators as a function of awareness, i.e. the degree to which persons become aware of their implicit attitude, and adjustment, i.e. the degree to which they adjust for the explicit response. In two experiments on attitudes of West Germans toward East Germans and Turks, a number of dispositional moderators pertaining to awareness and adjustment were tested. Concerning moderators affecting awareness, no reliable first‐order effects were found for Private Self‐Consciousness or Attitudinal Self‐Knowledge. However, Attitude Importance generated the expected effect. Concerning moderators influencing adjustment, consistent effects were obtained for Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions. Social Desirability and Self‐Monitoring did not moderate the implicit–explicit relationship in the expected direction. Some evidence was found for a second‐order moderator effect between awareness and adjustment, suggesting that adjustment effects may be more pronounced under conditions of high awareness. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
229.
本文主要通过《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版(MEGA)的出版历史的概述以及对MEGA1和MEGA2的编辑出版过程中以严格学术标准对语文学和文本学原则的坚持与创新的探讨,试图阐明MEGA的引导原则,并且举例说明MEGA2的编辑出版工作对关于马克思和恩格斯的学术研究、尤其是对马克思恩格斯著作的历史定位和智力语境的理解具有重要意义。 相似文献
230.
Jens B. Asendorpf Mark Conner Filip De Fruyt Jan De Houwer Jaap J. A. Denissen Klaus Fiedler Susann Fiedler David C. Funder Reinhold Kliegl Brian A. Nosek Marco Perugini Brent W. Roberts Manfred Schmitt Marcel A. G. van Aken Hannelore Weber Jelte M. Wicherts 《欧洲人格杂志》2013,27(2):108-119
Replicability of findings is at the heart of any empirical science. The aim of this article is to move the current replicability debate in psychology towards concrete recommendations for improvement. We focus on research practices but also offer guidelines for reviewers, editors, journal management, teachers, granting institutions, and university promotion committees, highlighting some of the emerging and existing practical solutions that can facilitate implementation of these recommendations. The challenges for improving replicability in psychological science are systemic. Improvement can occur only if changes are made at many levels of practice, evaluation, and reward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献