Zur Ontogenese aggressiven Verhaltens

The present article reviews current etiological approaches to the origin of violence. In a wide range of empirical research ample results have been found on the causes of violence in many different disciplines like social sciences, psychology, psychotherapy, and neurobiology/neurophysiology. However, an integrative view is still missing. Current knowledge suggests a complex interaction of genetic, physiological, developmental psychological, personality-related, familial and social factors in shaping an individuals’ disposition to engage in physical violence. Accordingly, interventions for reducing violence have to be multidimensional in nature.     

On implicit–explicit consistency: the moderating role of individual differences in awareness and adjustment

A moderated process model is presented that attempts to explain the consistency between implicit and explicit indicators as a function of awareness, i.e. the degree to which persons become aware of their implicit attitude, and adjustment, i.e. the degree to which they adjust for the explicit response. In two experiments on attitudes of West Germans toward East Germans and Turks, a number of dispositional moderators pertaining to awareness and adjustment were tested. Concerning moderators affecting awareness, no reliable first‐order effects were found for Private Self‐Consciousness or Attitudinal Self‐Knowledge. However, Attitude Importance generated the expected effect. Concerning moderators influencing adjustment, consistent effects were obtained for Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions. Social Desirability and Self‐Monitoring did not moderate the implicit–explicit relationship in the expected direction. Some evidence was found for a second‐order moderator effect between awareness and adjustment, suggesting that adjustment effects may be more pronounced under conditions of high awareness. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

In eigener Sache

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,     

Gender Differences in Escapist Uses of Sexually Explicit Internet Material: Results from a German Probability Sample

The intensity of using sexually explicit internet material (SEIM) is contingent on users’ gender. However, gender differences in the motivations for watching SEIM have not yet been comprehensively explored. Drawing on a representative survey of German internet users, we therefore analyze how women and men use SEIM to satisfy escapist needs. Lower life satisfaction, the lack of a committed relationship, and feelings of loneliness contribute to predicting the frequency of using SEIM among men. Loneliness likewise fosters the consumption of SEIM among women, yet the effect is less pronounced. For female internet users, consumption of SEIM even increases in committed relationships and rather indicates a comparably high level of life satisfaction than dissatisfaction with life circumstances. Gender hence substantially moderates the connection between need structures and the consumption of SEIM.     

Engagement of secondary school teachers in Namibia: Relational context effects

The aim of this study was to investigate relational antecedents of work engagement for secondary school teachers and to determine whether specific psychological conditions mediate the effects of relational factors on work engagement. A cross-sectional survey was used. The participants were 502 secondary school teachers in Namibia (females = 64.7%, Afrikaans-speaking = 49%). They completed the following measuring instruments: Co-worker and Supervisor Relationships Scales, Emotional Exhaustion Scale, Perceived Organizational Support Scale, Psychological Conditions Scale and the Work Engagement Scale. Data were analysed using Mplus 7.3. The results showed that low emotional exhaustion and high psychological meaningfulness and availability explained work engagement. Relational factors (i.e. co-worker relations, supervisor relations, and emotional exhaustion) influenced psychological meaningfulness and safety strongly, and psychological availability moderately. Supervisor relationships and emotional exhaustion indirectly influenced work engagement via psychological meaningfulness. Co-worker relationships and emotional exhaustion indirectly affected work engagement via psychological availability. The results provide support for a relational model of work engagement.     

经典中的经典——《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版(MEGA)的历史、编辑语文学基础与视角

本文主要通过《马克思恩格斯全集》历史考证版(MEGA)的出版历史的概述以及对MEGA1和MEGA2的编辑出版过程中以严格学术标准对语文学和文本学原则的坚持与创新的探讨,试图阐明MEGA的引导原则,并且举例说明MEGA2的编辑出版工作对关于马克思和恩格斯的学术研究、尤其是对马克思恩格斯著作的历史定位和智力语境的理解具有重要意义。