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931.
Ruth G. Mcfadyen 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1995,14(3):233-256
This article presents a theoretical argument to explain the way in which unemployed people react to and cope with threats to their identities that derive from perceptions ofstigma and low self-worth. It is argued here that strategies used by unemployed people to cope with such threats are influenced by whether the individuals categorize themselves as “unemployed” or adopt some other categorization (e.g., housewife, retired coal-miner). It is also proposed that the concept of self-categorization can be framed within Folkman and Lazarus’s (1980, 1985) coping model of distress in order to provide a more general framework for understanding these issues. The study reviews literature about stigma and coping with threatened identities with reference to these integrated frameworks, and concludes with a general model for predicting the way in which unemployed people self-categorize and cope with stigma and low self-esteem. This takes into account the role played by situational and individual factors, and suggests that individuals recategorize themselves in order to cope better during different phases of their unemployment. 相似文献
932.
933.
Enhancing possible selves in Mexican American students 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Day Jeanne D. Borkowski John G. Punzo Diana Howsepian Barbara 《Motivation and emotion》1994,18(1):79-103
This project assessed the modifiability of possible selves in young Mexican American children. Three intervention conditions were compared in a pre- and posttest design: child-only intervention, parent and child intervention, and a no-intervention control. Following eight intervention sessions, children in the two intervention groups showed significant gains in understanding the characteristics associated with becoming a good student and in recognizing the value of education in bringing about future occupational goals. Children in the intervention conditions also reported greater interest in becoming a physician, judge, or pilot — occupations they had directly experienced during training. The parent intervention phase contributed little to augmenting the positive results attributable to the child intervention component.This research was conducted under the auspices of NIH Grant HD-24003. We wish to thank Maritza Robles and the staff of the Bilingual program of the South Bend, IN, Corporation for their support. 相似文献
934.
Gary A. Morse Robert J. Calsyn Gary Allen David A. Kenny 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(5):661-683
This process evaluation study examined what variables moderate and mediate treatment effects on days in stable housing and
client satisfaction for homeless mentally ill clients. In general, demographic characteristics did not moderate either outcome
variable. Housing contacts, entitlement contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were significant mediators
of the treatment effect on days in stable housing. Program contacts, mental health contacts, and supportive services were
significant mediators of client satisfaction.
The authors thank the National Institute of Mental Health for their financial support (MH43248, MH42357) for this project,
Dorothy Gano for word processing and editorial assistance, and Gitry Heydebrand, Melissa Dannelet, Betty Tempelhoff, Ruth
Smith, and Laeeq Ahmad for assisting in the interviews of clients. We are also appreciative of the cooperation given to us
by the staffs of Malcolm Bliss Mental Health Center, St. Patrick's Center, the Community Advocacy and Support Alliance Program,
and the St. Louisemergency shelters. Finally, we thank all of the participants in this study; we hope that their homelessness has now ended. (The conclusions
presented in this paper are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official National Institute
for Mental Health policy.) 相似文献
935.
936.
Will Spijkers Kyriakos Tachmatzidis Günter Debus Martin Fischer Imke Kausche 《Psychological research》1994,57(1):20-29
Two experiments are reported addressing the preparation and initiation of movements with equal or unequal timing properties for both hands. Temporal coordination was examined in two movement tasks: one in which both hands performed the movements simultaneously (simultaneous aiming task) and one in which only one alternative of two possible movements was executed (choice aiming task). For each task a different group of subjects was used. Besides the timing relationships between both movements, the effects of preparation interval (1, 3, and 5 s), the average velocity (7, 14, 17.5, and 70 cm/s), the presence of advance information about the required velocity of the movement(s), and practice were investigated. Based on the common- and the specific-timing notions, distinct hypotheses were tested as to the effects of the variables on the temporal coordination as revealed by reaction time. A main result was that the effects of timing differences between the hands was task specific. For the choice task the data are in agreement with the common-timing notion of coordination, i. e., only one timing demand at a time can be prepared, whereas in the simultaneous task evidence was obtained for the specific-timing notion, i. e., independent preparation and initiation of different timing properties for the hands. However, it is argued that the results of the choice task probably do not reflect a general inability to prepare movements of different timing requirements for both hands, but is related to a task-specific strategy of selective preparation. 相似文献
937.
Gary D. Levy 《Sex roles》1994,30(5-6):391-405
Forty-nine 44- to 81-month-old predominantly white children's classification of and clustering in recall of gender-typed indoor and outdoor toys, and their gender schematicity, were assessed. Consistent with predictions, children high in gender schematicity demonstrated significantly greater clustering in their recall by gender type than children low in schematicity. As expected, all children demonstrated more accurate classification of same-sex than other-sex gender-typed toys in general. However, boys and girls showed distinctively different patterns in their abilities to accurately classify same-sex and other-sex indoor and outdoor gender-typed toys. Results are discussed in terms of the different social and play contexts inhabited by preschool boys and girls.Completion of this project was facilitated by funds received when the author was a National Institute of Mental Health Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Denver; Grant 5T32 MH 15780-09, in addition to an Academic Challenge Award from the University of Toledo. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Maryjo Jones for her data collection efforts and to the faculty, children, and parents of Iliff Preschool of Denver, Colorado, and especially to Director Jean True for assisting in the completion of this research. Thanks also to Joan M. Barth, Narina N. Nightingale, Kathy A. Park, and Peg Hull-Smith for their comments on earlier versions of this article. A shorter version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Human Development, Richmond, Virginia, March 1990.To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, P.O. Box 3415, Room 135 Biological Sciences Building, Laramie, WY 82071-3415. 相似文献
938.
Sex Roles - Women's superiority in decoding nonverbal cues of emotion has often been discussed as an adaptation to low status. To examine the relation of status to nonverbal sensitivity,... 相似文献
939.
Eugene G. d'Aquili 《Zygon》1994,29(3):371-381
940.
CORRECTING THE 16PF FOR FAKING: EFFECTS ON CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY AND INDIVIDUAL HIRING DECISIONS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
NEIL D. CHRISTIANSEN RICHARD D. GOFFIN NORMAN G. JOHNSTON MITCHELL G. ROTHSTEIN 《Personnel Psychology》1994,47(4):847-860
The effects of correcting a personality measure for faking were evaluated within an organizational context. Two possible repercussions of score correction were studied using the 16PF personality inventory: the effect on criterion-related validity and the effect on individual hiring decisions (i.e., which applicants would or would not be hired). Results indicated that correction for faking had little effect on criterion-related validity. However, depending on the selection ratio, correction of scores would have resulted in different hiring decisions than those that would have been made on the basis of uncorrected scores. Implications for organizations using personality measures for selection and recommendations regarding the use of faking corrections are discussed. 相似文献