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61.
Maggie E. Toplak Ashley Pitch David B. Flora Linda Iwenofu Karen Ghelani Umesh Jain Rosemary Tannock 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1137-1150
To examine the unity and diversity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom domains of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) in a clinical sample of adolescents with ADHD. Parents and adolescents were administered a semi-structured
diagnostic interview, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children — Present and Lifetime
Version (K-SADS-PL), to assess adolescent ADHD. Data from 201 parent interviews and 189 adolescent interviews were examined.
Four potential factor structures for the 18 ADHD symptoms were tested using confirmatory factor analysis: two models with
correlated factors and two bifactor models. A bifactor model with two specific factors best accounted for adolescent symptoms,
according to both parent and adolescents’ reports. Replication of these findings from behavioral rating scales completed for
this sample by parents and teachers indicates that the findings are not method– or informant-specific. The results suggest
that there is an important unitary component to ADHD symptoms and separable dimensional traits of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. 相似文献
62.
Leslie Maggie Perrin Mcpherson Valter Ciocca Albert S. Bregman 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,55(3):269-278
In audition, sound energy is assigned to separate auditory “streams” following principles of organization that closely parallel the visual gestalt principles that guide the perception of distinct forms or objects. Metzger (1934) provided evidence for organization in vision based on similarity in the velocity of moving forms. If two dots approach one another along one spatial dimension, they may appear to cross and continue beyond their meeting point if their velocities differ; otherwise, they usually appear to change direction abruptly and retrace their movements. If an analogous auditory principle exists, with rate of change in frequency substituted for velocity of movement, two frequency glides that sweep through the same frequency range in opposite directions should be able to perceptually cross if their rates of change differ; otherwise, they should usually appear to change direction and retrace the same frequency region. Four experiments provided data in support of this hypothesis, and the results were consistent across experiments with varying stimuli and methods of presentation. When properties of the stimuli favored organization according to a principle of frequency proximity, the effect of a principle of rate similarity was attenuated but still evident. 相似文献
63.
Sophie Freud Loewenstein Natalie Ebin Bloch Jennifer Campion Jane Sproule Epstein Peggy Gale Maggie Salvatore 《Sex roles》1981,7(11):1127-1141
Sixty single women 35 to 65 years old, previously married or never married, were interviewed about the satisfactions and stresses of the single status. Respondents were categorized as having high, medium, or low life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was found to be significantly correlated to such factors as good health, not being lonely, living with a female housemate, having many casual friends, and being invested in work. Half the women mentioned having sexual needs, which were or were not fulfilled. The other half stated that they did not have sexual needs. These two groups did not differ in life satisfaction. Regrets about not having had children occurred in one-quarter of the childless women, without necessarily implying low life satisfaction. Only 15% of the entire sample had low life satisfaction, a percentage similar to that found in the general population.The authors wish to express sincere appreciation to George Loewenstein for his aid with the computer analysis of the data. 相似文献
64.
Maggie Robson 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1999,12(3):217-231
This paper examines how children may perceive events as stressful, and identifies some of the elements which may contribute to this perception, The proposition that this perception is dependant on individual phenomenology will be investigated. Various models that attempt to explain this phenomena will be presented and a synthesized paradigm offered. 相似文献
65.
Twenty-four to 26 years after their high school graduation, subjects matched 40 photographs of former classmates taken from the high school yearbook with 40 current photographs of these same former classmates. Compared with age-matched control subjects who had no prior familiarity with the persons depicted in the photographs, the former classmates were superior at matching the old and new photographs. Generally, same-orientation photographs (i.e., old and new photographs taken from the same side) were matched more accurately than different-orientation photographs. Prior familiarity, however, rendered the orientation factor unimportant. These findings are discussed in terms of the processes that underlie facial recognition over very long intervals and in terms of their psycholegal implications. 相似文献
66.
Jacobs A Shiffrar M 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2005,31(1):157-169
People frequently analyze the actions of other people for the purpose of action coordination. To understand whether such self-relative action perception differs from other-relative action perception, the authors had observers either compare their own walking speed with that of a point-light walker or compare the walking speeds of 2 point-light walkers. In Experiment 1, observers walked, bicycled, or stood while performing a gait-speed discrimination task. Walking observers demonstrated the poorest sensitivity to walking speed, suggesting that perception and performance of the same action alters visual-motion processes. Experiments 2-6 demonstrated that the processes used during self-relative and other-relative action perception differ significantly in their dependence on observers' previous motor experience, current motor effort, and potential for action coordination. These results suggest that the visual analysis of human motion during traditional laboratory studies can differ substantially from the visual analysis of human movement under more realistic conditions. 相似文献
67.
This article describes some of the recent major theoretical frameworks underpinning the study of stress in adolescents and assesses their usefulness to teachers and counsellors in establishing a rationale for school-based intervention. It is argued that for a model to be acceptable in this context, it must allow for the complexities and flexibility of individual behavior. It is further argued that the model described by Lazarus & Folkman (1984) fulfills both these conditions as it incorporates the psychoanalytic along with the cognitive and is also dynamic and phenomenological. Also, one of the premises upon which Lazarus and Folkman build needs further exploration. This premise is that individual's ‘appraisals generally correlate with reality’. 相似文献
68.
This paper uses concepts of emotion work and emotional labour to explore people’s experiences of the long-term disaster recovery process. It draws on data taken from two qualitative research projects which looked at adults’ and children’s recovery from the floods of June 2007 in Hull, UK. The paper argues that the emotional work of recovery cannot be separated from the physical and practical work of recovering the built environment. It shows that a focus on emotion work can lead to a more nuanced understanding of what recovery actually means and who is involved, leading to the identification of hidden vulnerabilities and a better understanding of the longer timescales involved in the process. 相似文献
69.
Maggie Turp 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(2):103-119
This paper consists of a case study and commentary which formed a part of the inaugural lecture in a series entitled ‘Working with Psychosomatic Issues’*. The audience consisted of psychoanalytic, body psychotherapy and integrative practitioners. The presentation was divided into three parts, (1) an outline of philosophical themes that inform perspectives on health, illness and psychosomatic phenomena, (2) the case study reproduced below and (3) a summary of Winnicott's work (1960, 1966, 1988) on ‘the indwelling of the psyche in the soma’. The case study describes work with a young woman who harms herself through self-hitting and, in addition, expresses other physical manifestations of psychological distress. The core approach of the practitioner is psychoanalytic. The work is informed also by postmodern sensibilities and phenomenological themes. 相似文献
70.
Maggie Turp 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(1):61-76
This is the second of two linked papers. Like the first, it offers a perspective on interconnections between touch, enjoyment and health, on this occasion in adult life rather than in infancy. The theoretical underpinning for the work resides in Winnicott's account of the establishment, resilience and susceptibility to damage of a sense of ‘the psyche indwelling in the soma’ (Winnicott 1960a: 45). Drawing on case study material, the author considers some of the ways in which touch deprivation in adult life might find expression and illustrates how such deprivation might be worked with verbally in the psychotherapy setting. 相似文献